Cochrane · systematic review · CD001174
Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes
Pantoja, T, Grimshaw, JM, Colomer, N, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2019 · Cochrane Library
Effective Practice and Organisation of CareAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
18
current version
GRADE rated
13
No studies
5
Included studies
NR
No studies 5 · 27.8%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 16.7%Low 7 · 38.9%Moderate 3 · 16.7%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Manual paper reminders compared with usual care
Population: Healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses and dentists)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Changes in professional practice (measured as dichotomous process adherence outcomes) Manual paper reminders vs usual care | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 40346 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Changes in professional practice (continuous) Manual paper reminders vs usual care | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 3263 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Patient outcomes (dichotomous) Manual paper reminders vs usual care | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 8390 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Patient outcomes (continuous) Manual paper reminders vs usual care | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1222 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Resource use Manual paper reminders vs usual care | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2570 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse effects Manual paper reminders vs usual care | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention compared with the same QI intervention
Population: Healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses and dentists)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Changes in professional practice (measured as dichotomous process adherence outcomes) Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 25359 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Changes in professional practice (continuous) Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 12372 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Patient outcomes (dichotomous) Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1883 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Patient outcomes (continuous) Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 946 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Resource use Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2570 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse effects Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Manual paper reminders compared with other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions
Population: Healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses and dentists)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Changes in professional practice (measured as dichotomous process adherence outcomes) Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 21274 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Changes in professional practice (continuous) Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient outcomes (dichotomous) Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2305 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Patient outcomes (continuous) Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Resource use Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 4235 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse effects Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |