Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,320 questions · 4,561 findings · 388 reviews

No studies found 1,138 · 25%GRADE not reported 886 · 19.4%Very low 1,014 · 22.2%Low 849 · 18.6%Moderate 543 · 11.9%High 131 · 2.9%

Parent‐ and clinician‐mediated intervention vs clinician‐mediated intervention alone

Expressive language (number of words; standard scores; MLUw; NDW; IPSyn; frequency of unique targets; % target talk) · children with Down syndrome aged between birth and six years
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Percentage of participants not requiring postoperative opioids over initial 72 hours · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic fundoplication vs medical management

(5 years or more) · Patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults

It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic fundoplication changes (5 years or more) compared with medical management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination chemotherapy vs single‐agent chemotherapy

Overall survival (3 years) · people with resectable stage II and III rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery

It is very uncertain whether combination chemotherapy changes overall survival (3 years) compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination chemotherapy vs single‐agent chemotherapy

Disease-free survival · people with resectable stage II and III rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery

It is very uncertain whether combination chemotherapy changes disease‐free survival (3 years) compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review