Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,006 questions · 3,171 findings · 607 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 411 · 13%GRADE not reported 153 · 4.8%Very low 968 · 30.5%Low 897 · 28.3%Moderate 589 · 18.6%High 153 · 4.8%

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

Composite Primary Symptom Reduction Score (CPSR) Scale from: ‐100 to 100 Higher score = better · people with irritable bowel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Physical functioning component of health‐related quality of life, measured using various scales · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 267 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Quality of life Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Quality‐of‐Life questionnaire (higher scores indicate better quality of life) · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

QoL · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 163 participants
GRADE not reported

Yoga vs an active intervention

Incontinence‐specific quality of life · women with urge‐predominant urinary incontinence

1 finding from 1 review

Yoga for treating urinary incontinence in women 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Selexipag vs placebo

mPAP (the higher the mPAP, the worse the pulmonary hypertension) · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Selexipag vs placebo

PVR · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Prostacyclin vs control

mPAP (the higher the mPAP, the worse the pulmonary hypertension) · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1132 participants
Low

Prostacyclin vs control

PVR · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 658 participants
Moderate

Intervention diet vs control diet

Remission · Patients with active Crohn's disease

It is very uncertain whether intervention diet changes induction of remission at 4 weeks ‐ High‐fiber, low refined… compared with control diet (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.2 [0.53, 97.83]
1 study · 7 participants
Very low
Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.39, 2.53]
1 study · 18 participants
Very low

Intervention diet vs control diet

QoL · Patients with active Crohn's disease

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 14 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Quality of life (QoL) Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) (scale: 32 to 224; higher score = better QoL) · Patients with active Crohn's disease

1 finding from 1 review

Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 714 participants
Moderate

Health‐related quality of life Assessed by: SeiQoL‐DW (higher scores mean better quality of life) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative care interventions for people with multiple sclerosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Very low

Pregabalin vs placebo

Self‐reported pain relief ‐ NPSI: ranges from 0 to 100. Higher scores are indicative of neuropathic pain. · adults and children with sickle cell disease experiencing neuropathic pain

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating neuropathic pain in people with sickle cell disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Pregabalin vs placebo

Self‐reported pain relief ‐ S‐LANSS: Possible total scores range from 0 to 24, and a score of 12 or higher is indicative of neuropathic pain. · adults and children with sickle cell disease experiencing neuropathic pain

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating neuropathic pain in people with sickle cell disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Arthroscopic surgery vs sclerosing injection

Participant global assessment of success Not measured · adult participants with patellar tendinopathy

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery for patellar tendinopathy (jumper’s knee) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 2 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.53 [0.06, 4.85]
1 study · 65 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.16 [0.01, 3.2]
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Interventions for involving patients in decision‐making about their health care vs attention control

Health status (a) Patient‐reported high self‐rated health at 6 months after baseline CDC Healthy Days Measure (CDC 2000): dichotomised as low (1 to 3) and high (4 to 5) · older patients with multi‐morbidity

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for involving older patients with multi‐morbidity in decision‐making during primary care consultations 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 297 participants
Very low

Interventions for involving patients in decision‐making about their health care vs attention control

Self‐efficacy · older patients with multi‐morbidity

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for involving older patients with multi‐morbidity in decision‐making during primary care consultations 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 254 participants
Very low