Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,288 questions · 3,354 findings · 516 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 720 · 21.5%GRADE not reported 164 · 4.9%Very low 950 · 28.3%Low 932 · 27.8%Moderate 434 · 12.9%High 154 · 4.6%

Minimal invasive discectomy vs micro/discectomy

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · participants with lumbar disc herniation
2 findings from 1 review

Minimal invasive discectomy vs micro/discectomy

Mean LBP intensity on a numerical scale, e.g. 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain) ‐ 2‐year post operative · participants with lumbar disc herniation
2 findings from 1 review

IVIg vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality, neonates, IgM‐enriched polyclonal IVIG · neonates with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock

Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality, neonates, IgM‐enriched polyclonal IVIG compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IVIg vs placebo or no intervention

28‐Day all cause mortality (adult studies) · adult patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock

Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality, adults, IgM‐enriched polyclonal IVIG compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

User‐held information vs standard information

Psychiatric hospital admission: psychiatric admission Numbers admitted · patients with routine care of people with severe mental illness

User‐held information showed no clear difference in psychiatric hospital admission: psychiatric admission Numbers admitted compared with standard information (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

User‐held information vs standard information

Psychiatric hospital admission: compulsory admission Numbers admitted · patients with routine care of people with severe mental illness

User‐held information showed no clear difference in psychiatric hospital admission: compulsory admission Numbers admitted compared with standard information (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Personalised risk communication vs general risk information

Informed decision ‐ Numerical risk and categorised risk combined MMIC1 · patients with informed decision making about taking screening tests

Personalised risk communication leads to higher informed decision ‐ Numerical risk and categorised risk combined MMIC1 compared with general risk information (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Personalised risk communication vs general risk information

Uptake of screening test ‐ Numerical and categorised risk combined Number of participants taking up the test · patients with informed decision making about taking screening tests

Personalised risk communication may leads to higher uptake of screening test ‐ Numerical and categorised risk combined… compared with general risk information (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Personalised risk communication vs general risk information

Knowledge regarding screening test/condition concerned ‐ calculated risk score (numerical) versus general information proportion with good knowledge · patients with informed decision making about taking screening tests

Personalised risk communication leads to higher knowledge regarding screening test/condition concerned ‐ calculated… compared with general risk information (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Variceal bleeding 5 years · patients with chronic hepatitis C who have failed prior antiviral therapy and who have severe histologic disease (grade 3 or 4 fibrosis)…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tizanidine vs carbamazepine

Immediate improvement in pain relief Number of participants improved (good/very good efficacy) on a self assessed categorical 'overall efficacy score' (0 = no efficacy to 4 = very good) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia

Tizanidine showed no clear difference in immediate improvement in pain relief Number of participants improved… compared with carbamazepine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review