Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,966 questions · 3,201 findings · 165 reviews

No studies found 25 · 0.8%GRADE not reported 2,717 · 84.9%Very low 167 · 5.2%Low 124 · 3.9%Moderate 132 · 4.1%High 36 · 1.1%

Laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent 2190/pen) vs Direct visual examination after tooth separation or bioptical cavity preparation

Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (caries detection level) · Patients with permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces assessed clinically (in vivo)

Under in vivo conditions, laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent 2190) had a summary ROC AUC of 0.96 for proximal caries detection at the caries detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration): resin sealant, glass ionomer sealant, polyurethane/adhesive patch, or resin infiltration vs Non-invasive / control treatment

Radiographic proximal caries lesion progression · Patients with non-cavitated proximal (approximal) caries lesions (primary or permanent dentition)

In the low caries-risk subgroup, micro-invasive treatment reduced the odds of lesion progression (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.72; ungraded subgroup).

9 findings from 1 review
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Fibre-optic transillumination (FOTI) vs Histological validation (serial sectioning, grinding, hemisection, or microradiography)

Diagnostic accuracy for occlusal caries detection at the dentin caries detection level (D0-2 versus D3-4) · Extracted human permanent posterior teeth (premolars and molars), occlusal (pit-and-fissure) surfaces

In in vitro, fibre-optic transillumination pooled specificity was 0.97 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.994) for occlusal caries at the dentin detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

Lactobacilli presence (CFU > 10^5) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

Aligners probably lower the risk of high lactobacilli counts versus fixed appliances in adults at 3 months (RR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.47; low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

Average fluorescence loss (dF%) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study reported lower average fluorescence (mineral) loss with aligners versus fixed appliances in adults at 3 months (MD -1.40, 95% CI -2.15 to -0.65; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher number of lost teeth (per one additional lost tooth) vs Fewer lost teeth (continuous, per-tooth increment)

All-cause mortality (ACM) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

Each additional lost tooth was associated with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.02 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.03) for all-cause mortality (11 studies, I2=89%), statistically significant; GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

3 findings from 1 review

Conventional bitewing radiography (D-speed film) vs Histological validation of dental tissues (gold standard)

Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (caries detection level) · Extracted permanent posterior teeth with proximal surfaces (in vitro)

Under in vitro conditions, conventional D-speed bitewing radiography had a pooled diagnostic odds ratio of 5.2 (95% CI 1.6, 16.8) for proximal caries detection at the caries detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Visual examination (VE) vs Histological validation of dental tissues (gold standard)

Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (caries detection level) · Extracted permanent posterior teeth with proximal surfaces (in vitro)

Under in vitro conditions, visual examination had a pooled sensitivity of 0.64 (95% CI 0.42, 0.81) for proximal caries detection at the caries detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent 2095) vs Cavity preparation or biopsy (operative validation)

Diagnostic accuracy for occlusal caries detection at the dentin caries detection level (D0-2 versus D3-4) · Human permanent posterior teeth (premolars and molars) in patients, occlusal (pit-and-fissure) surfaces

In in vivo, laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent 2095) pooled summary ROC AUC was 0.92 for occlusal caries at the dentin detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

Plaque · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study reported a lower full-mouth plaque score with aligners versus fixed appliances in adolescents at 12 months (MD -43.48, 95% CI -47.65 to -39.31; ungraded).

3 findings from 1 review

Conventional bitewing radiography (D-speed film) vs Cavity preparation or biopsy (operative validation)

Diagnostic accuracy for occlusal caries detection at the dentin caries detection level (D0-2 versus D3-4) · Human permanent posterior teeth (premolars and molars) in patients, occlusal (pit-and-fissure) surfaces

In in vivo, conventional bitewing radiography (D-speed) pooled sensitivity was 0.79 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.96) for occlusal caries at the dentin detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

Gingival index (GI) · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study reported lower gingival index with aligners versus fixed appliances in adolescents at 18 months (MD -0.57, 95% CI -0.93 to -0.21; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Digital bitewing radiography, sensor-based (CCD/CMOS) vs Direct visual examination after tooth separation or bioptical cavity preparation

Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (caries detection level) · Patients with permanent posterior teeth, proximal surfaces assessed clinically (in vivo)

Under in vivo conditions, sensor-based digital bitewing radiography had a pooled specificity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.77, 0.98) for proximal caries detection at the caries detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable

Dental caries prevalence · General Pakistani population (all ages and both sexes; predominantly children and adolescents)

Fixed-effect pooled dental caries prevalence was 57.0% (95% CI 56.4% to 57.6%).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls)

Periodontitis (prevalence) · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies)

Periodontitis prevalence is significantly higher in systemic sclerosis patients than controls (OR 7.01); certainty ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Conventional bitewing radiography, F-speed film vs Histological validation of dental tissues (gold standard)

Diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection (1/3 dentin detection level) · Extracted permanent posterior teeth with proximal surfaces (in vitro)

Under in vitro conditions, conventional F-speed bitewing radiography had a summary ROC AUC of 0.98 for proximal caries detection at the 1/3 dentin detection level; ungraded.

4 findings from 1 review
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