Intervention not reported
Serious adverse events · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Mean pain score at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following surgery · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Time to first postoperative opioid dose · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Total postoperative opioid consumption over first 72 hours · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Percentage of participants not requiring postoperative opioids over initial 72 hours · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Health economic assessment · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Incidence of adverse events within 30 days of surgery · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Patient‐reported outcomes · adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Psychomotor score Performance rating scale Scale from: 0 to 10 · surgical trainees
1 finding from 1 review
Procedural score Time to completion of task · surgical trainees
1 finding from 1 review
End‐product score Modified Welling scale · surgical trainees
1 finding from 1 review
Shivering · people with surgical requirement for general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether alpha‐2 adrenergic agonist changes shivering compared with placebo/control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of core hypothermia ‐ not measured · people with surgical requirement for general anaesthesia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Participant satisfaction/experience of shivering ‐ not measured · people with surgical requirement for general anaesthesia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Impaired function Unable to carry heavy weights or > 10° loss in extension (discomfort when carrying objects) At 12 months · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes impaired function Unable to carry heavy weights or > 10° loss in… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
No or only mild elbow pain Immediate (post aspiration or at an equivalent time) · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes no or only mild elbow pain Immediate (post aspiration or at an… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
No or only mild elbow pain At 3 weeks · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes no or only mild elbow pain At 3 weeks (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
No or only mild elbow pain At 6 weeks · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes no or only mild elbow pain At 6 weeks (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse effects of procedure or Aspiration failure · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
'Full' range of motion At 6 weeks · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes 'Full' range of motion At 6 weeks (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review