Search review questions

Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · General population (both sexes, all ages) · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Sensitivity (excluding high risk-of-bias studies): 0.60 mg/L vs null

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration · HDI: Very high

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL sum score, transformed 0-100) · Community-dwelling elderly persons aged ≥60 years · Low-middle income

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Etch-and-Rinse + biological ACAD

Lumbar spine bone mineral density · European GWAS participants · MVMR IVW

Dental caries severity (DMFT index, permanent dentition) · Children and adolescents under 18 years with HIV · Not specified (cross-sectional), Cross-sectional studies; DMFT index

Osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European-ancestry adults · Lifelong genetic liability, SVMR (IVW), total causal effect

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin · HDI: Very high

Postoperative hypersensitivity · Potassium nitrate liner vs polycarboxylate cement (Hodosh et al.)

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity · Continent: Asia

Fracture of lumbar spine and pelvis · European-ancestry adults · Lifelong genetic liability, MVMR (IVW), adjusted for DMFS

Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants · MVMR MR-Egger

DMFT (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth) · People with epilepsy (children, adolescents, and adults)

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration · Continent: Asia

Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · Females (all ages) · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Females, low-to-moderate risk-of-bias studies: 0.7-2.35 mg/L vs null

Peri-implant clinical and radiographic parameters (plaque index, probing depth, bone loss, pro-inflammatory profile) · Adult e-cigarette (ENDS) users with dental implants (incl. male implant-supported prosthesis patients) · Implant/peri-implant populations: Vamos (implant patients), Youssef (male implant patients only), Yang (broad SR incl. peri-implant)

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity · HDI: Very high

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL sum score, transformed 0-100) · Community-dwelling elderly persons aged ≥60 years · Across unemployment-rate categories

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration · Dentists managing a defective direct resin composite restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of… · Not applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023), Overall (all 21 countries pooled)

Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) · Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years)

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: superficial discoloration · Continent: Africa

Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) · Adults (≥18 years) · By region: West Asia

Tooth survival · -

Adverse events and periodontal/secondary outcomes (gingival bleeding, gingival bleeding index, visible plaque index) · Children and adults with non-cavitated proximal (interproximal) caries lesions in primary and/or permanent teeth (ages… · Baseline and follow-up

Specificity · Imaging modality: Periapical radiographs

Clinical and radiographic success rate · Adults aged 18 years or older with mature permanent teeth and carious pulp exposure · At least 1 year, Calcium hydroxide

Risk of fragility fractures · Females aged over 50 years · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Females over 50 years: drinking-water fluoride 0.45 mg/L vs null

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Etch-and-Rinse + biological ACAD

Negative post-test probability · Dental images or diagnostic tests for dental caries detection · Overall (all imaging modalities pooled)

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss of dental hard substance adjacent to the restoration · Coverage: Covering cost of minimally invasive treatment

Bleeding on Probing (BoP) · Cleft lip/palate vs healthy controls

Dental caries (presence/absence) · Children and adolescents under 18 years with HIV · Not specified (case-control), Case-control studies

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 7: non-stable (mobile) restoration · HDI: High

Oral microbiota composition (dysbiosis; increased periodontal/opportunistic pathogens) · Adult e-cigarette (ENDS) users (general oral health; predominantly natural dentition)

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Etch-and-Rinse + chemical ACAD

Long-term behavior change and overall oral health outcomes · Children and adolescents aged <=18 years · Long-term follow-up (sustained behavior change)

Regular use rate · Children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger · Digital mobile app

Number of detected salivary bacterial genera · Young children with early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Relative abundance of dominant salivary microbial community (7 genera) · Young children with early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Adequate marginal or tooth integrity · Children receiving dental restorations (aged 4-11 years; primary teeth; Class I/II/V cavities) · 1 to 2 years

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD

Forearm fracture · European GWAS participants · MVMR MR-Egger

Oral health behavior · Children and adolescents aged 5-18 years · Post-intervention (follow-up 0.5 to 24 months, varies by study), Overall

Occlusal caries detection: sensitivity · Patients (in vivo); permanent and primary teeth, occlusal surfaces · Overall (all dentition)

Dental caries (presence/absence) · Children and adolescents under 18 years with HIV · Not specified (cross-sectional), Cross-sectional studies; deft index

Risk of fractures (any site) · General population (both sexes, all ages) · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Drinking-water fluoride 4.0 mg/L vs null

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin · HDI: Medium

Adequate color or translucency · Children receiving dental restorations (aged 4-11 years; primary teeth; Class I/II/V cavities) · 1 to 2 years

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · permanent human teeth with artificial caries-affected dentin · 24 h, Self-Etch; chemical ACAD

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL sum score, transformed 0-100) · Community-dwelling elderly persons aged ≥60 years · High inequality