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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,105 questions in 84 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
current versionsNo studies 434 · 39.3%Ungraded 32 · 2.9%Very low 246 · 22.3%Low 237 · 21.4%Moderate 132 · 11.9%High 24 · 2.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Insulin detemir vs NPH insulin Diabetes‐related complications (1) Fatal MI (2) Fatal stroke (3) Progression in retinopathy (4) Amputations (5) ESRD (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.68, 3.32] | 1 study · 2 participants | Very low |
Insulin detemir vs NPH insulin Hypoglycaemic episodes (1) Severe hypoglycaemia (2) Serious hypoglycaemia (3) Confirmed hypoglycaemia (BG < 75 mg/dL) (4) Confirmed hypoglycaemia (BG < 55 mg/dL) (5) Confirmed nocturnal hypoglycaemia (BG < 75 mg/dL) (6) Confirmed nocturnal hypogly... (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.17, 1.2] | 1 study · 5 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Basal calcitonin Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Reported cut‐off value (range 4.6 ‐100 pg/mL) Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 72368 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Reported cut‐off value (range basal calcitonin 4.6 pg/mL to 35 pg/mL, range stimulated calcitonin 50 pg/mL to 100 pg/mL) Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 69702 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Subgroup analysis Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cut‐off value Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR pg/mL Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 44393 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Gender (basal calcitonin) Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Female Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 14858 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Male Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 4339 participants | Ungraded |
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy vs bilateral neck exploration Success rate (eucalcaemia) (a) Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) and… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.94, 1.03] | 5 studies · 266 participants | Very low |
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy vs bilateral neck exploration Total incidence of perioperative adverse events (number) Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) and… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.33, 0.76] | 5 studies · 236 participants | Low |
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy vs bilateral neck exploration All‐cause mortality Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy vs bilateral neck exploration Health‐related quality of life Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy vs bilateral neck exploration Cosmetic satisfaction Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy vs bilateral neck exploration Duration of surgery (time from skin incision to skin closure) Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 171 participants | Very low |
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy vs bilateral neck exploration Length of hospital stay Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings for resveratrol plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs vs placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs Diabetes‐related complications Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings for resveratrol plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs vs placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs All‐cause mortality Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for resveratrol plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs vs placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs Diabetes‐related mortality Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for resveratrol plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs vs placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs Health‐related quality of life Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings for resveratrol plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs vs placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs Adverse events Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for resveratrol plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs vs placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs HbA1c (%) Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 31 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for resveratrol plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs vs placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs Socioeconomic effects Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase and bone radiograph Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3.26 [1.59, 6.69] | 1 study · 71 participants | Low |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D Adverse events (number) Definition: asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 4.76 [0.24, 93.19] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D All‐cause mortality Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D Health‐related quality of life Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D Growth pattern Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D Socioeconomic effects Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium Healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase and bone radiograph Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.72, 1.9] | 2 studies · 140 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium Morbidity (number) Definition: fractures Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.76] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium Adverse events (number) Asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 4.29 [0.22, 83.57] | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium All‐cause mortality Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium Health‐related quality of life Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Morbidity (number) Definition: fractures Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.27 [0.03, 2.32] | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium Growth pattern Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium Socioeconomic effects Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events (number) Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Growth pattern Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Socioeconomic effects Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D Healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase and bone radiograph Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3.06 [1.49, 6.29] | 1 study · 75 participants | Low |
Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D Morbidity (number) Definition: fractures Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.03, 2.08] | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR NNS versus nutritive, low‐calorie sweetener (tagatose) NNS: sucralose Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 354 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Body weight (kg) Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR NNS versus placebo NNS: aspartame, rebaudioside A Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 184 participants | Very low |