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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen Serious adverse events · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.37, 1.86] | NR | Moderate |
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen Antibiotic resistance · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.68, 1.48] | NR | Moderate |
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen Frequency of hospital admissions for pulmonary exacerbations ‐ not measured · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 14 days on/off placebo regimen Exacerbation frequency · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen Health‐related quality of life · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen Health‐related quality of life · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 14 days on/off placebo regimen Serious adverse events · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.92 [0.63, 1.33] | NR | High |
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 14 days on/off placebo regimen Antibiotic resistance · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | OR 2.14 [1.36, 3.35] | NR | High |
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 14 days on/off placebo regimen Frequency of hospital admissions for pulmonary exacerbations ‐ not measured · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 14 days on/off placebo regimen Health‐related quality of life · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 14 days on/off placebo regimen Health‐related quality of life · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
28 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 28 days on/off placebo regimen Exacerbation frequency · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.82, 1.02] | NR | High |
28 days on/off antibiotic regimen vs 28 days on/off placebo regimen Exacerbation frequency · people with bronchiectasis Intermittent prophylactic antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo Number of participants with no exacerbations during the study period · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.48 [1.15, 1.9] | 15 studies · 2961 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo Mortality (all‐cause) · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.64 [0.37, 1.1] | 5 studies · 1558 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo Mortality (respiratory‐related) · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.15, 1.07] | 2 studies · 735 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo Quality of life · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 617 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo Number of participants requiring antibiotics · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.34 [0.18, 0.63] | 5 studies · 542 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo Adverse events/side effects · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.01 [0.84, 1.21] | 20 studies · 3780 participants | High |
Pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care Exercise performance: peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) on cycle ergometer incremental CPET · Adults with asthma Pulmonary rehabilitation versus usual care for adults with asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 129 participants | Very low |
Pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care Exercise performance: % predicted VO2 max on incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test · Adults with asthma Pulmonary rehabilitation versus usual care for adults with asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 60 participants | Low |
Pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care Exercise performance: incremental shuttle walk test distance, metres · Adults with asthma Pulmonary rehabilitation versus usual care for adults with asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care Exercise performance: 6‐minute walk test distance, metres · Adults with asthma Pulmonary rehabilitation versus usual care for adults with asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 529 participants | Moderate |
Pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care Asthma control: ACQ score · Adults with asthma Pulmonary rehabilitation versus usual care for adults with asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 93 participants | Low |
Pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care Asthma control: ACT score · Adults with asthma Pulmonary rehabilitation versus usual care for adults with asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 442 participants | Very low |
Pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care Quality of life: AQLQ total score · Adults with asthma Pulmonary rehabilitation versus usual care for adults with asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 442 participants | Very low |
Pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care Quality of life: SGRQ total score · Adults with asthma Pulmonary rehabilitation versus usual care for adults with asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 440 participants | Moderate |
Pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care Adverse events · Adults with asthma Pulmonary rehabilitation versus usual care for adults with asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Proportion of people with hospital admissions (from the emergency room) · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.45 [0.23, 0.88] | 3 studies · 170 participants | Low |
Nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Proportion of people requiring ventilatory support (NIV or assisted ventilation) · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.01, 8.2] | 1 study · 172 participants | Very low |
Nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Proportion of people with serious adverse events · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Length of hospital stay · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Change in oxygen saturation (SaO2) · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Change in dyspnoea score · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Lung function: FEV1 at 60 min · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 109 participants | Very low |
Magnesium sulfate vs standard care (ipratropium bromide) Proportion of people with hospital admissions (from the emergency room) · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.62 [0.78, 3.37] | 1 study · 124 participants | Very low |
Magnesium sulfate vs standard care (ipratropium bromide) Proportion of people requiring endotracheal intubation · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.69 [0.61, 4.71] | 1 study · 124 participants | Very low |
Magnesium sulfate vs standard care (ipratropium bromide) Proportion of people with serious adverse events · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Magnesium sulfate vs standard care (ipratropium bromide) Length of hospital stay · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 124 participants | Very low |
Intravenous magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Proportion of people requiring non‐invasive ventilation · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.74 [0.31, 1.75] | 2 studies · 107 participants | Very low |
Magnesium sulfate vs standard care (ipratropium bromide) Change in oxygen saturation (SaO2) · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Magnesium sulfate vs standard care (ipratropium bromide) Change in dyspnoea score · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Magnesium sulfate vs standard care (ipratropium bromide) Lung function: FEV1 at 60 min · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Proportion of people with serious adverse events · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Ungraded |
Intravenous magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Length of hospital stay · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 54 participants | Low |
Intravenous magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Change in oxygen saturation (SpO2) · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Intravenous magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Change in dyspnoea score · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 101 participants | Low |
Intravenous magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Lung function: FEV1 change from baseline at 60 min · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Proportion of people with hospital admissions (from the emergency room) · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.77 [0.21, 2.82] | 1 study · 109 participants | Very low |
Nebulised magnesium sulfate + standard care vs placebo + standard care Proportion of people requiring ICU admission · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.39 [0.15, 1] | 2 studies · 281 participants | Very low |