Cochrane · systematic review · CD013343
Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fraser, A, Poole, P · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2022 · Cochrane Library
AirwaysAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
6
current version
GRADE rated
6
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 16.7%Low 1 · 16.7%Moderate 3 · 50%High 1 · 16.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs. placebo for adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Population: adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants with no exacerbations during the study period Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo | OR 1.48 [1.15, 1.9] | 15 studies · 2961 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, publication bias |
Mortality (all‐cause) Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo | OR 0.64 [0.37, 1.1] | 5 studies · 1558 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
Mortality (respiratory‐related) Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo | OR 0.4 [0.15, 1.07] | 2 studies · 735 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
Quality of life Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 617 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Number of participants requiring antibiotics Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo | OR 0.34 [0.18, 0.63] | 5 studies · 542 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse events/side effects Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo | OR 1.01 [0.84, 1.21] | 20 studies · 3780 participants | High |