Early childhood caries (ECC) · Healthy children under 6 years in South Africa
No significant difference in caries odds was found between bottle-fed-only and breast-fed-only children (meta-analysis reported no difference; pooled estimate in an unavailable supplementary figure; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Healthy children under 6 years in South Africa
No significant difference in caries odds was found between children of low- versus high-SES parents (meta-analysis reported no difference; pooled estimate in an unavailable supplementary figure; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries prevalence (early childhood caries) · Toddlers and preschool children, 2 to 6 years of age (primary dentition)
Caesarean section delivery may be associated with a modestly higher prevalence of early childhood caries than vaginal delivery (pooled OR 1.48), but the evidence is inconsistent and of very low certainty.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years)
Breastfeeding for more than 12 months is associated with higher ECC prevalence (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.86 [1.48, 2.35]
13 studies
Low
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years)
Breastfeeding for more than 24 months is associated with higher ECC prevalence (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 2.99 [1.03, 8.67]
4 studies
Low
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years)
Breastfeeding for 12-24 months is associated with higher ECC prevalence (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
PR 3.32 [1.57, 5.07]
2 studies
Low
Early childhood caries (ECC) - incidence/risk · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years)
Breastfeeding for 12-24 months may not increase ECC risk (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.21 [0.82, 1.78]
5 studies
Low
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years)
Mean dmft was lowest (1.62 teeth) in low-inequality countries by Gini index.
16 findings from 1 review
Show 13 more findings
MEAN 3.34 [1.79, 4.88]
13 studies
GRADE not reported
MEAN 4.64 [3.38, 5.91]
19 studies
GRADE not reported
MEAN 3.87 [2.84, 4.91]
30 studies
GRADE not reported
MEAN 3.89 [1.62, 6.16]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
MEAN 4.04 [2.39, 5.68]
9 studies
GRADE not reported
A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. 2024 All outcomesCountries with 71-75 years life expectancy · Life expectancy: 71-75 years
MEAN 5.18
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
MEAN 4.28 [2.58, 5.97]
10 studies
GRADE not reported
A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. 2024 All outcomesCountries with no income inequality (Gini) · Gini index: no inequalities
MEAN 3.95
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
MEAN 3.08 [2.42, 3.74]
3 studies
GRADE not reported
A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. 2024 All outcomes49 countries worldwide; urban and rural communities · Overall (all regions)
MEAN 3.68 [2.99, 4.37]
60 studies
GRADE not reported
MEAN 1.13 [0.72, 1.55]
9 studies
GRADE not reported
MEAN 2.26 [0.69, 3.82]
11 studies
GRADE not reported
A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. 2024 All outcomesCountries with highest life expectancy (>80 years) · Life expectancy: >80 years
MEAN 1.34
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) · Nigerian children with primary dentition (approximately 6 months to 5 years)
In primary dentition, high-frequency sugar consumption was associated with slightly higher, non-significant odds of caries (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.23 to 5.44), with high heterogeneity (I2=83%; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Child and family satisfaction with, and perceptions of, care and service delivery Family Experiences With Coordination of Care (FECC) survey (higher scores = better) Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) (higher scores = ... · children with medical complexity
1 finding from 1 review
Severe early childhood caries · Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools
High snack consumption was associated with higher odds of severe early childhood caries.
1 finding from 1 review
Severe early childhood caries · Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools
Low family income was associated with higher odds of severe early childhood caries.
1 finding from 1 review
Severe early childhood caries · Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools
A problem-driven dental visit was associated with higher odds of severe early childhood caries.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Ecchymosis ‐ Day 1 Scale 1 to 4 · adults undergoing facial plastic surgery
The intervention showed no clear difference in ecchymosis ‐ Day 1 Scale 1 to 4 (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children (aged 3-5.5 years) with early childhood caries in anterior primary teeth (>=2 carious surfaces), no pulp therapy
Zirconia crowns failed less than composite strip crowns (3.3% vs 15% annual failure) in one RCT; low quality of evidence (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Death of baby (up to discharge) · babies born preterm, and their mothers
DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping probably leads to lower death of baby (up to discharge) compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers
DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH grades 3, 4) compared with ECC (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers
DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH, all grades) compared with ECC (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Periventricular leukomalacia · babies born preterm, and their mothers
DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) compared with ECC (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Chronic lung disease · babies born preterm, and their mothers
DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (CLD) ‐ oxygen supplement at 36 weeks… compared with ECC (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review