What do systematic reviews say?

Montelukast vs placebo

• Leukotriene inhibitors for bronchiolitis in infants and young children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 136 participants
  Low

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Oral corticosteroids probably leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (moderate certainty).

• Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [1.09, 1.62]
  5 studies · 1043 participants
  Moderate
• Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.4 [1.08, 1.81]
  4 studies · 869 participants
  Low
• Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.87, 1.44]
  1 study · 174 participants
  Moderate

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Oral corticosteroids probably leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (moderate certainty).

• Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [1.02, 1.49]
  5 studies · 1116 participants
  Moderate
• Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.85, 1.16]
  1 study · 171 participants
  Moderate

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Oral corticosteroids may leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (low certainty).

• Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.32 [1.04, 1.68]
  4 studies · 945 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs control

• Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 396 participants
  Very low

Probiotics vs control

• Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 203 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Zinc for the common cold 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 1656 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants symptomatic after 7 days of treatment (very low certainty).

• Zinc for the common cold 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.45 [0.2, 1]
  5 studies · 476 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Zinc for the common cold 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 394 participants
  Very low

Any glucocorticoid vs placebo: summary of findings

• Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 633 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐… (low certainty).

• Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.52, 0.83]
  2 studies · 341 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐… (low certainty).

• Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.91, 0.99]
  1 study · 405 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐… (low certainty).

• Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.77, 0.88]
  2 studies · 420 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐… (low certainty).

• Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.89, 1.03]
  1 study · 399 participants
  Low

P. sidoides vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether P. sidoides changes failure to recover by day 21 (complete resolution of all symptoms) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.3, 0.62]
  1 study · 103 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes failure to recover by day 5 (complete resolution of all symptoms) (very low certainty).

• Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.9, 1.03]
  1 study · 103 participants
  Very low

Palivizumab vs motavizumab

• Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 7870 participants
  Low

Palivizumab vs placebo

• Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2789 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Chest radiographs for acute lower respiratory tract infections 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1502 participants
  Low

Epinephrine vs steroids

Epinephrine showed no clear difference in admissions overall up to 7 days (outpatients only) compared with steroid (moderate certainty).

• Epinephrine for bronchiolitis 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.77, 1.52]
  1 study · 399 participants
  Moderate