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Unacceptable marginal adaptation · Patients with permanent dentition in need of restorations · 3 years, All types of cavities

Caries severity (mean DMFT) · Publication-bias adjusted (trim-and-fill)

Caries prevalence · Publication-bias adjusted (trim-and-fill)

Alpha diversity (Observed, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) · Participants in oral 16S rRNA caries microbiome studies

Dental caries measured by DMFS scores · Primary school children (aged 3-16 years) attending primary school in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) · Post-intervention; follow-up varied across studies (interventions ranged from <2 years to >=2 years and longer), <=3 intervention activities

Pulp exposure during caries removal · Children (3-11 years) with symptomless, vital dentine caries in primary molars · 12 months, Primary teeth

Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them · operator level

Caries experience at the surface level (dmfs/defs) · Children (mean age newborn to ~5.2 years) and their parents/carers · Comprehensive intervention (vs oral health education only)

Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with Class-I carious lesions in primary molars, no pulp therapy · 18 months (Oliveira 2008), Cavity margin (bevel vs no bevel)

Food purchasing · Children and adolescents aged 0-19 years · Vote counting by direction of effect

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs563135 (10:115067899; nearest gene(s) TCF7L2, CASP7) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), rs563135 (10:115067899); effect/non-effect allele A/C; MAF 0.51; direction across 5 cohorts -----

Premolar caries detection accuracy · Dental images of human beings · Lee et al., 2018; CNN

Contribution to total daily fluoride intake · Children · Extreme fluoride in water (>1.5 mg/L)

Quality of life · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Probing pocket depth (PPD/PD) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age · 3-4 months

Alpha diversity (study-level, caries vs health) · Per-study across 15 studies (log2 fold change; Figure 7B)

Physical growth / weight gain · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western… · First 2 years (up to 3-5 years)

Caries prevalence · European adolescents aged 16 years · Exact age

Dental caries measured by DMFT scores · Primary school children (aged 3-16 years) attending primary school in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) · <2 years, Intervention duration <2 years

Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them · CPC vs no rinsing; operator level

Dental caries · Healthy children aged 6–24 months in Western industrialized countries

Restoration failure · Children with carious primary teeth · 3 years, ART; Class I and II

Pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Analgesic (painkiller) use · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without…

All CVD-related death · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention) · 12 months

Enamel caries proportion · European adolescents aged 18 years · Exact age

Plaque quantity (plaque index or plaque weight) · Adults and children (predominantly adults; one study in children), with natural dentition · End of study (last reported time point; study durations 4 days to 2 years)

Disability caused by pain at treatment completion · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer · Treatment completion

Healing · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Enamel caries proportion of total caries experience · European adolescents aged 12–19 years

Change in bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive… · 6 to 8 months (SoF); similar at 3 to 4 months

Proximal caries detection accuracy · Dental images of human beings · Devito et al., 2008; hidden-layer perceptron with backpropagation

Caries experience (mean DMFS) · European adolescents aged 12–19 years · Examination type: partial-mouth

Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them · 3 feet from patient's mouth

Healing of MRONJ (mucosal integrity, absence of infection, and no re-intervention) · People with established (manifest) MRONJ · 1 year

Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them · CPC+Zn+F vs no rinsing; operator level

Oral health-related quality of life · Children with dental caries · Network estimate

Caries prevalence · 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa · Setting: Urban/rural (unspecified)

Dental caries (association with primary maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries · Primary education

Progression of non-cavitated enamel caries · Children with caries-free second primary molars, aged 4-8 years (dental clinic, Turkey and Spain)

Association between age and daily fluoride intake from toothpaste · Children using fluoride toothpaste (all tap-water fluoride categories) · All tap-water fluoride categories; Levy et al. [20,22,24] data excluded

Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them · patient level (pharynx; not analysed)

Pain · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Caries severity (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa · Country: Algeria

Caries severity (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa · Data collection period: 2000-2004

Duration of treatment (days) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them · CPC + domiphen bromide + quaternary ammonium vs water; combined

Restoration survival · Children with occlusoproximal caries in primary teeth · 2-3 years, Occlusoproximal cavities (Raggio 2013; Tedesco 2017)

Gingivitis measured by any validated index · School children (aged 4 to 15 years), primary and secondary schools in the UK and India

Dental caries (association with middle SES) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries · Middle SES