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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,126 questions · 1,225 findings · 111 reviews

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No studies found 235 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 260 · 21.2%Very low 207 · 16.9%Low 271 · 22.1%Moderate 177 · 14.4%High 75 · 6.1%

Vitamin D given to infants vs placebo or no treatment

Hypercalcaemia · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

Vitamin D given to infants showed no clear difference in adverse effects (hypercalcaemia) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D level ≤50 nmol/L vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries · Children aged 2 to 8 years

The review reported a lower odds ratio at maternal prenatal vitamin D ≤50 nmol/L than at ≤35 nmol/L, without a numeric value in the available sources.

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D level ≤35 nmol/L vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries · Children aged 2 to 8 years

The review reported a slightly higher odds ratio at maternal prenatal vitamin D ≤35 nmol/L than at ≤50 nmol/L, without a numeric value in the available sources.

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries prevalence · Children aged 2 to 8 years

The review reported 44% dental caries prevalence among children of mothers with low prenatal vitamin D.

2 findings from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries · Children aged 2 to 8 years

The review reported an OR of 1.32 when prenatal vitamin D was measured at 6 to 38 gestational weeks.

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers vs placebo or no treatment

Nutritional rickets ‐ radiological · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D given to lactating mothers changes nutritional rickets ‐ radiological compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers vs placebo or no treatment

Hypercalcaemia · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers showed no clear difference in adverse effects (hypercalcaemia) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers vs placebo or no treatment

Nutritional rickets ‐ biochemical Alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphate levels. · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers may leads to lower nutritional rickets ‐ biochemical Alkaline phosphatase, calcium and… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)

Adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)

Hypercalcaemia · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review