What do systematic reviews say?

Continuous glucose monitoring system vs self‐monitoring of glucose

• Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Telemedicine vs usual care

• Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Metformin vs glibenclamide ‐ maternal outcomes

Metformin showed no clear difference in perineal trauma compared with glibenclamide ‐ maternal outcomes (low certainty).

• Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.67 [0.22, 12.52]
  2 studies · 308 participants
  Low

Glibenclamide vs acarbose ‐ maternal outcomes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo (outcomes

It is very uncertain whether oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies changes perineal trauma compared with placebo ‐ maternal outcomes (very low certainty).

• Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.06, 15.62]
  1 study · 375 participants
  Very low

Lifestyle interventions vs control ‐ Maternal outcomes

Lifestyle interventions showed no clear difference in perineal trauma/tear compared with control ‐ Maternal outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.93, 1.18]
  1 study · 1000 participants
  Moderate

Insulin vs anti‐diabetic agent

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Exercise vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

CSII vs MDI: maternal outcomes

• Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Tight vs moderate glycaemic control (maternal outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very tight vs tight‐moderate glycaemic control (infant outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tight‐moderate vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Myo‐inositol vs placebo

• Dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol in women during pregnancy for treating gestational diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes abdominoperineal excision of the rectum rate ‐ Rectal cancer (very low certainty).

• Workload and surgeon´s specialty for outcome after colorectal cancer surgery 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.55 [0.42, 0.72]
  1 study · 894 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes abdominoperineal excision of rectum rate ‐ Rectal cancer (very low certainty).

• Workload and surgeon´s specialty for outcome after colorectal cancer surgery 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.2 [0.1, 0.4]
  1 study · 180 participants
  Very low

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) may leads to higher adequate pain relief as reported by women compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.14 [1.59, 2.89]
  10 studies · 1279 participants
  Low

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) may leads to lower additional pain relief compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.34 [0.21, 0.55]
  8 studies · 1132 participants
  Low

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) showed no clear difference in maternal drug adverse effects (nausea) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.18 [0.01, 3.66]
  1 study · 232 participants
  Low

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) showed no clear difference in maternal drug adverse effects (sleepiness) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.18, 4.3]
  1 study · 232 participants
  Low

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found