Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

152 questions · 154 findings · 36 reviews

No studies found 17 · 11%GRADE not reported 23 · 14.9%Very low 60 · 39%Low 35 · 22.7%Moderate 17 · 11%High 2 · 1.3%

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs no treatment

Adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound not healing · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack or cold gel pad) changes adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound not healing compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs no treatment

Adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound edges gaping · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack or cold gel pad) changes adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound edges gaping compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs no treatment

Maternal views and experiences of treatment ‐ Satisfaction with overall perineal care (good + very good + excellent) Day 10 · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack or cold gel pad) changes maternal views and experiences of treatment ‐ Satisfaction with… compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs no treatment

Perineal pain within 24 hours of giving birth ‐ Moderate + severe pain · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack or cold gel pad) changes perineal pain within 24 hours of giving birth ‐ Moderate + severe pain compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs placebo (water pack)

Perineal oedema within 4 ‐ 6 hours after giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Cooling treatment (ice pack) showed no clear difference in perineal oedema within 4 ‐ 6 hours after giving birth compared with placebo (water pack) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs placebo (water pack)

Perineal oedema within 24 hours of giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Cooling treatment (ice pack) showed no clear difference in perineal oedema within 24 hours after giving birth compared with placebo (water pack) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review