What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower high‐intensity pain with lidocaine admixture Pain scales (high certainty).

• Lidocaine for reducing propofol‐induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.19 [0.15, 0.25]
  31 studies · 4927 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower high‐intensity pain with lidocaine pretreatment Pain scales (high certainty).

• Lidocaine for reducing propofol‐induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.13 [0.1, 0.18]
  41 studies · 3918 participants
  High

Mobile bearing vs fixed bearing prosthesis

• Mobile bearing vs fixed bearing prostheses for posterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty for postoperative… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 1865 participants
  Low

Mobile bearing vs fixed bearing prosthesis

• Mobile bearing vs fixed bearing prostheses for posterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty for postoperative… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 498 participants
  Low

Anterior vs posterior surgical approaches

• Surgical approaches for cervical spine facet dislocations in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Very low

Anterior vs posterior surgical approaches

• Surgical approaches for cervical spine facet dislocations in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Very low

Anterior vs posterior surgical approaches

• Surgical approaches for cervical spine facet dislocations in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Very low

Anterior vs posterior surgical approaches

• Surgical approaches for cervical spine facet dislocations in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Very low

Video modelling acclimatisation for LA vs Oral hygiene video

Video modelling acclimatisation for LA may leads to lower self- or observational assessment of intraoperative… compared with oral hygiene video (low certainty).

• Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental treatment 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  In advance of LA
  MD -37.16 [-50.94, -23.38]
  1 study · 66 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes achievement of at least 50% reduction in headache severity… (very low certainty).

• Psychological therapies (remotely delivered) for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.02 [1.35, 3.01]
  7 studies · 379 participants
  Very low

EMLA vs placebo

• Interventions for intra‐operative pain relief during postpartum mini‐laparotomy tubal ligation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intraperitoneal lidocaine instillation vs IM morphine

• Interventions for intra‐operative pain relief during postpartum mini‐laparotomy tubal ligation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus intramuscular morphine vs placebo

• Interventions for intra‐operative pain relief during postpartum mini‐laparotomy tubal ligation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus intramuscular morphine vs lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation alone

• Interventions for intra‐operative pain relief during postpartum mini‐laparotomy tubal ligation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus intramuscular morphine vs IM morphine

• Interventions for intra‐operative pain relief during postpartum mini‐laparotomy tubal ligation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Lidocaine instillation vs placebo

• Interventions for intra‐operative pain relief during postpartum mini‐laparotomy tubal ligation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intramuscular morphine vs placebo

• Interventions for intra‐operative pain relief during postpartum mini‐laparotomy tubal ligation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Supplemental perioperative intravenous crystalloids for postoperative nausea and vomiting 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Supported employment vs other vocational approaches

It is very uncertain whether supported employment changes employment ‐ obtained any job during the study (high=better) compared with other vocational approaches (very low certainty).

• Supported employment for adults with severe mental illness 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.62 [2.18, 3.16]
  7 studies · 951 participants
  Very low

Titanium framework FDP vs High-gold content alloy framework FDP

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: partially absent dentition 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 years
  5-year prosthesis survival 84% (95% CI 0.79 to 0.89) titanium vs 98% (95% CI 0.96 to 1.00) high-gold alloy; statistically significant difference (P = 0.005)
  1 study · 47 participants
  GRADE not reported