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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,016 questions · 2,067 findings · 222 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 471 · 22.8%GRADE not reported 108 · 5.2%Very low 570 · 27.6%Low 458 · 22.2%Moderate 363 · 17.6%High 97 · 4.7%

Antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics

Serious complications ‐ mastoid abscess measured at 12 weeks · people with CSOM; one study included patients of unknown age; one study included children with CSOM who had not responded to initial…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotics changes serious complications ‐ mastoid abscess measured at 12 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Probable early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Early induction of labour · pregnant women with prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term

Any antibiotic showed no clear difference in probable early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Early induction of labour compared with placebo or no antibiotic (subgrouped by timing of induction of labour) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Probable early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Late induction of labour · pregnant women with prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term

It is very uncertain whether any antibiotic changes probable early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Late induction of labour compared with placebo or no antibiotic (subgrouped by timing of induction of labour) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Definite early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Early induction of labour · pregnant women with prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term

Any antibiotic showed no clear difference in definite early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Early induction of labour compared with placebo or no antibiotic (subgrouped by timing of induction of labour) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Definite early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Late induction of labour · pregnant women with prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term

It is very uncertain whether any antibiotic changes definite early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Late induction of labour compared with placebo or no antibiotic (subgrouped by timing of induction of labour) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Maternal infectious morbidity (chorioamnionitis and/or endometritis) ‐ Early induction of labour · pregnant women with prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term

Any antibiotic showed no clear difference in maternal infectious morbidity (chorioamnionitis and/or endometritis)… compared with placebo or no antibiotic (subgrouped by timing of induction of labour) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Maternal infectious morbidity (chorioamnionitis and/or endometritis) ‐ Late induction of labour · pregnant women with prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term

It is very uncertain whether any antibiotic changes maternal infectious morbidity (chorioamnionitis and/or endometritis)… compared with placebo or no antibiotic (subgrouped by timing of induction of labour) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review