Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,121 questions · 2,186 findings · 242 reviews

No studies found 493 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 158 · 7.2%Very low 600 · 27.4%Low 474 · 21.7%Moderate 364 · 16.7%High 97 · 4.4%

Full‐mouth ultrasonic scaling plus photodynamic therapy vs full‐mouth ultrasonic scaling alone

Resolution or reduction in severity of any other dental complication: systemic infections (measured by number of episodes after treatment for dental complications under antibiotic prophylaxis) · people with thalassaemia (any age)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Homeopathic medicinal products (individualised treatment) vs placebo or usual care

Need for antibiotics · children aged up to 16 years with ARTIs

Homeopathic medicinal products (individualised treatment) showed no clear difference in need for antibiotics compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly

Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) vs clinical diagnosis

Antibiotic prescribing to microscopy‐ or PCR‐negative people · people with suspected malaria

Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) probably leads to higher antibiotic prescribing to microscopy‐ or PCR‐negative people compared with clinical diagnosis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Number of participants requiring antibiotics · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant probably leads to lower number of participants requiring antibiotics compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review