Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,123 questions · 2,188 findings · 243 reviews

No studies found 493 · 22.5%GRADE not reported 160 · 7.3%Very low 600 · 27.4%Low 474 · 21.7%Moderate 364 · 16.6%High 97 · 4.4%

Prophylactic corticosteroids vs placebo or no corticosteroids

Infectious complications · adults diagnosed with coronary artery disease or cardiac valve disease, and candidates for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Prophylactic corticosteroids may leads to lower infectious complications (as defined by study authors, including… compared with placebo or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Full‐mouth ultrasonic scaling plus photodynamic therapy vs full‐mouth ultrasonic scaling alone

Resolution or reduction in severity of any other dental complication: systemic infections (measured by number of episodes after treatment for dental complications under antibiotic prophylaxis) · people with thalassaemia (any age)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Homeopathic medicinal products (individualised treatment) vs placebo or usual care

Need for antibiotics · children aged up to 16 years with ARTIs

Homeopathic medicinal products (individualised treatment) showed no clear difference in need for antibiotics compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly

Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) vs clinical diagnosis

Antibiotic prescribing to microscopy‐ or PCR‐negative people · people with suspected malaria

Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) probably leads to higher antibiotic prescribing to microscopy‐ or PCR‐negative people compared with clinical diagnosis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review