Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,121 questions · 2,186 findings · 242 reviews

No studies found 493 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 158 · 7.2%Very low 600 · 27.4%Low 474 · 21.7%Moderate 364 · 16.7%High 97 · 4.4%

Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) plus prescribing feedback to clinicians vs prescribing feedback alone

Antibiotics prescribed by clinicians · patients (or parents of child patients) with acute upper respiratory tract infections

Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) plus… may leads to higher antibiotics prescribed by clinicians compared with prescribing feedback alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared

Clinical failure—same beta lactam Antibiotic modifications · patients with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether monotherapy changes clinical failure—same beta lactam Antibiotic modifications compared with combination therapy compared (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared

Clinical failure—different beta lactam Antibiotic modifications · patients with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether monotherapy changes clinical failure—different beta lactam Antibiotic modifications compared with combination therapy compared (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Metronidazole gel 25% (local antibiotic) vs Ultrasonic debridement

Change in probing pocket depth (PPD) · People with at least one dental implant affected by perimplantitis

Metronidazole gel 25% (local antibiotic) showed no clear difference in change in probing pocket depth compared with ultrasonic debridement; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Any antibiotic regimen plus N‐acetylcysteine vs the same regimen without N‐acetylcysteine (with or without placebo)

Eradication rate · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection

It is very uncertain whether any antibiotic regimen plus N‐acetylcysteine changes eradication rate compared with the same regimen without N‐acetylcysteine (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any antibiotic regimen plus N‐acetylcysteine vs the same regimen without N‐acetylcysteine (with or without placebo)

Gastrointestinal adverse events · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection

It is very uncertain whether any antibiotic regimen plus N‐acetylcysteine changes gastrointestinal adverse events compared with the same regimen without N‐acetylcysteine (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any antibiotic regimen plus N‐acetylcysteine vs the same regimen without N‐acetylcysteine (with or without placebo)

Allergic adverse events · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection

It is very uncertain whether any antibiotic regimen plus N‐acetylcysteine changes allergic adverse events compared with the same regimen without N‐acetylcysteine (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Peritonitis · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics showed no clear difference in peritonitis (number of patients with one or more episodes) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Exit‐site/tunnel infection · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics showed no clear difference in exit‐site/tunnel infection (number of patients with one or more… compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Catheter removal or replacement · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics showed no clear difference in catheter removal or replacement (number of patients) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · neonates with sepsis

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) may leads to lower all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes severe intraventricular haemorrhage compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

Periventricular leukomalacia · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes periventricular leukomalacia compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review