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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
SEMS vs plastic tube (degree of concealment) All major side effects (analysis by concealment of allocation) ‐ Concealment of allocation A · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.23 [0.13, 0.39] | 4 studies · 303 participants | Moderate |
SEMS vs plastic tube (degree of concealment) All major side effects (analysis by concealment of allocation) ‐ Concealment of allocation non‐A · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.25 [0.1, 0.65] | 3 studies · 110 participants | Moderate |
Anti‐reflux vs standard open stent Dysphagia improvement · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 106 participants | Moderate |
Anti‐reflux vs standard open stent All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.86 [0.38, 1.94] | 2 studies · 106 participants | Moderate |
Brachytherapy vs brachytherapy plus radiotherapy Adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.17 [0.44, 3.15] | 2 studies · 554 participants | Moderate |
Brachytherapy vs brachytherapy plus radiotherapy Adverse effects ‐ stricture · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.43 [0.16, 12.85] | 2 studies · 277 participants | High |
SEMS vs plastic tube (main analysis) Persistent or recurrent dysphagia · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.41 [0.2, 0.85] | 7 studies · 433 participants | High |
SEMS vs plastic tube (main analysis) All major adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.25 [0.16, 0.39] | 7 studies · 433 participants | Moderate |
SEMS vs laser Persistent or recurrent dysphagia · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.67 [0.3, 1.54] | 2 studies · 125 participants | High |
SEMS vs laser Interventions for recurrent dysphagia · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.27 [0.12, 0.6] | 2 studies · 125 participants | High |
SEMS vs laser Adverse effects ‐ All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 2.26 [0.96, 5.33] | 2 studies · 125 participants | Moderate |
Laser vs plastic tube Dysphagia improvement · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 3.22 [0.78, 13.37] | 2 studies · 80 participants | Moderate |
Laser vs plastic tube Recurrent dysphagia · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer (2014) · Cochrane | OR 2.89 [0.02, 461.22] | 2 studies · 80 participants | High |
Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method Recurrent and persistent bleeding overall rates with or without second‐look endoscopy Rebleeding (persistent or recurrent bleeding) · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers Epinephrine injection versus epinephrine injection and a second endoscopic method in high‐risk bleeding ulcers (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 | 19 studies · 1926 participants | Moderate |
Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method Surgery rate Number requiring emergency surgery · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers Epinephrine injection versus epinephrine injection and a second endoscopic method in high‐risk bleeding ulcers (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 | 18 studies · 1841 participants | Moderate |
Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method Mortality rate Number of deaths (30‐day mortality or in‐hospital mortality) · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers Epinephrine injection versus epinephrine injection and a second endoscopic method in high‐risk bleeding ulcers (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 | 18 studies · 1841 participants | Moderate |
Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method Adverse effects of endoscopy therapy Adverse effects · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers Epinephrine injection versus epinephrine injection and a second endoscopic method in high‐risk bleeding ulcers (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 | 12 studies · 1281 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Relapse rate at one year (all studies) · Crohn's disease patients in remission Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.61, 0.98] | 6 studies · 1039 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Relapse rate at one year (sensitivity analysis of Belluzi 1996) · Crohn's disease patients in remission Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.64, 0.93] | 5 studies · 904 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Relapse rate at one year (only EPIC studies) · Crohn's disease patients in remission Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.74, 1.05] | 2 studies · 738 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events rate‐Diarrhea · Crohn's disease patients in remission Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [1.01, 1.84] | 4 studies · 862 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events rate‐ Upper GI (nausea, vomiting, halitosis, heartburn, dyspepsia, dysgeusia and bloating) · Crohn's disease patients in remission Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.98 [1.38, 2.85] | 5 studies · 999 participants | Moderate |
Methotrexate vs placebo Remission and complete withdrawal from steroids · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Methotrexate for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.58, 1.59] | 1 study · 67 participants | Low |
Methotrexate vs 6‐mercaptopurine Proportion of patients achieved clinical remission · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Methotrexate for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.43, 1.29] | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Methotrexate vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) Proportion of patients achieved clinical remission · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Methotrexate for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.33 [0.66, 3.64] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Tranexamic acid vs placebo Mortality Clinical · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 | 8 studies · 1701 participants | Moderate |
Tranexamic acid vs placebo Rebleeding Clinical and endoscopic assessment · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 | 7 studies · 1651 participants | Low |
Tranexamic acid vs placebo Any thromboembolic event Clinical and radiological assessment · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.86 | 4 studies · 1095 participants | Moderate |
Tranexamic acid vs placebo Surgery Number of participants who underwent surgery · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 | 7 studies · 1551 participants | Moderate |
Tranexamic acid vs placebo Transfusion Number needing blood transfusion · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 | 5 studies · 931 participants | Very low |
Tranexamic acid vs cimetidine or lansoprazole Mortality Number of participants who died · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 | 2 studies · 720 participants | Moderate |
Tranexamic acid vs cimetidine or lansoprazole Rebleeding Clinical and endoscopic assessment · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 | 2 studies · 720 participants | Moderate |
Tranexamic acid vs cimetidine or lansoprazole Surgery Number of participants who underwent surgery · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 | 2 studies · 720 participants | Moderate |
Tranexamic acid vs cimetidine or lansoprazole Transfusion Number of participants who required at least 1 blood transfusion · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 | 2 studies · 720 participants | Low |
Methotrexate vs placebo Proportion of patients maintaining clinical remission · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.57 [1.1, 2.23] | 2 studies · 98 participants | Moderate |
Methotrexate vs placebo Proportion of patients maintaining clinical remission (high dose intramuscular methotrexate 15 mg/week) · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [1.05, 2.67] | 1 study · 76 participants | Moderate |
Methotrexate vs placebo Proportion of patients maintaining clinical remission (low dose oral methotrexate 12.5 mg/week) · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [0.86, 2.12] | 1 study · 22 participants | Low |
Methotrexate vs 6‐mercaptopurine Proportion of patients maintaining clinical remission · patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.92, 2] | 2 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
Methotrexate + infliximab vs Infliximab +/‐ placebo Proportion of patients maintaining remission · patients with maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.76, 1.38] | 2 studies · 145 participants | Low |
Vedolizumab vs placebo Failure to induce clinical remission · Patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis Vedolizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.8, 0.91] | 4 studies · 606 participants | High |
Vedolizumab vs placebo Failure to induce clinical response · Patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis Vedolizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.59, 0.78] | 3 studies · 601 participants | Moderate |
Vedolizumab vs placebo Failure to induce endoscopic remission · Patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis Vedolizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.75, 0.91] | 3 studies · 583 participants | High |
Vedolizumab vs placebo Clinical relapse · Patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis Vedolizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.59, 0.77] | 1 study · 373 participants | Moderate |
Vedolizumab vs placebo Endoscopic relapse · Patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis Vedolizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.49, 0.68] | 1 study · 373 participants | Moderate |
Vedolizumab vs placebo Adverse events · Patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis Vedolizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.93, 1.07] | 2 studies · 941 participants | High |
Vedolizumab vs placebo Serious adverse events · Patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis Vedolizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.72, 1.42] | 3 studies · 1122 participants | Moderate |
Etoricoxib vs placebo Exacerbation of IBD · patients with active or quiescent IBD Tolerability of selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors used for the treatment of rheumatological… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.45, 1.69] | 1 study · 159 participants | Low |
Celecoxib vs placebo Exacerbation of ulcerative colitis · patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Tolerability of selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors used for the treatment of rheumatological… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.23, 2.14] | 1 study · 222 participants | Low |
Celecoxib vs placebo GI adverse events · patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Tolerability of selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors used for the treatment of rheumatological… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.46, 2.07] | 1 study · 221 participants | Low |
Omentoplasty with oesophagogastrostomy vs oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Mortality Clinical manifestation · patients with oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Omentoplasty for oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.49, 3.39] | 3 studies · 633 participants | High |