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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders

current versions
No studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
BT vs CBT
Response at · people with depression
Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.76 [0.59, 0.99]8 studies · 344 participantsLow
BT vs CBT
Remission at · people with depression
Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.77 [0.61, 0.98]8 studies · 344 participantsLow
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies
Clinical non‐response at post‐treatment · individuals with depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 1.14 [0.79, 1.64]3 studies · 144 participantsVery low
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies
Clinical non‐response at · individuals with depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.31 [0.08, 1.26]2 studies · 56 participantsVery low
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies
Treatment acceptability at post‐treatment Dropout rates · individuals with depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 1.12 [0.47, 2.67]3 studies · 144 participantsVery low
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies
Treatment acceptability at · individuals with depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 1.07 [0.1, 11.23]2 studies · 56 participantsVery low
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies
Non‐remission at post‐treatment · individuals with depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.89 [0.6, 1.3]1 study · 88 participantsVery low
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies
Depression levels at post‐treatment (HAM‐D) · individuals with depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 113 participantsVery low
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies
Depression levels at · individuals with depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 49 participantsVery low
Third wave CBT vs TAU
Clinical non‐response at post‐treatment · depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.51 [0.27, 0.95]3 studies · 170 participantsVery low
Third wave CBT vs TAU
Treatment acceptability (dropout) at post‐treatment · depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 1.01 [0.08, 12.3]4 studies · 224 participantsVery low
Third wave CBT vs TAU
Clinical non‐remission at post‐treatment · depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.77 [0.67, 0.88]2 studies · 140 participantsVery low
Third wave CBT vs TAU
Depression levels at post‐treatment · depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 211 participantsVery low
Third wave CBT vs TAU
Anxiety levels at post‐treatment—behavioural activation vs TAU Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) · depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 30 participantsVery low
Third wave CBT vs TAU
Social adjustment levels at post‐treatment— behavioural activation vs TAU Work and Social Ajustment Scale (WSAS) · depression
'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 38 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SSRI
Response rates Number of participants showing a reduction of at least 50% on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression, the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale or any other depression scale · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 1.01 [0.95, 1.08]10 studies · 3826 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SNRI
Drop out due to inefficacy Number of participants who dropped out due to inefficacy during the trial, as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 1.01 [0.21, 4.94]1 study · 332 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SNRI
Drop outs due to side effects Number of participants who dropped out due to side effects during the trial, as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.3 [0.15, 0.59]2 studies · 608 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SNRI
Total number of patients with side effects Total number of participants experiencing at least one side effect · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.72 [0.44, 1.18]2 studies · 611 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SSRI
Remission rates The number of participants who achieved remission as defined by: a score of 7 or less on the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; 10 or less on the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale; 'not ill or borderline mentally ill... · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.83 [0.68, 1.01]10 studies · 3826 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SSRI
Total drop outs Total number of participants who dropped out during the trial as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.95 [0.83, 1.09]10 studies · 3826 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SSRI
Drop out due to inefficacy Number of participants who dropped out due to inefficacy during the trial, as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.99 [0.71, 1.37]9 studies · 3377 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SSRI
Drop outs due to side effects Number of participants who dropped out due to side effects during the trial, as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.68 [0.51, 0.91]9 studies · 3377 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SSRI
Total number of participants with side effects Total number of participants experiencing at least one side effect · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.91 [0.84, 0.98]6 studies · 2490 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SNRI
Response rates Number of participants showing a reduction of at least 50% on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression, the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale or any other depression scale · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 1.06 [0.98, 1.16]3 studies · 669 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SNRI
Remission rates The number of participants who achieved remission as defined by: a score of 7 or less on the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; 10 or less on the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale; 'not ill or borderline mentally ill... · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 1.08 [0.94, 1.24]3 studies · 669 participantsVery low
Agomelatine vs SNRI
Total drop outs Total number of participants who dropped out during the trial as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression
Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.4 [0.24, 0.67]2 studies · 392 participantsVery low
Second generation antidepressant vs placebo (by medication)
Depressive disorder according to DSM or ICD criteriaClinician diagnostic interview · patients with depressive disorders in children and adolescents
Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Second generation antidepressant vs placebo (by medication)
Suicide completionCompleted suicide rates · patients with depressive disorders in children and adolescents
Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Second generation antidepressant vs placebo (by medication)
Remission or response (as defined in trial) · patients with depressive disorders in children and adolescents
Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane
RR 1.18 [1.08, 1.28]16 studies · 2924 participantsModerate
Second generation antidepressant vs placebo (by medication)
Suicide‐related outcome · patients with depressive disorders in children and adolescents
Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane
RR 1.58 [1.02, 2.45]17 studies · 3229 participantsLow
Second generation antidepressant vs placebo (by medication)
Depressive symptom severityCDRS‐R. Scale from: 17 to 113. · patients with depressive disorders in children and adolescents
Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted14 studies · 2490 participantsLow
CBT vs no treatment
Outcomes3 · patients with adjustment disorders
Interventions to facilitate return to work in adults with adjustment disorders (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
CBT vs no treatment
Partial return to work · patients with adjustment disorders
Interventions to facilitate return to work in adults with adjustment disorders (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 201 participantsModerate
CBT vs no treatment
Full return to work Scale from: ‐180 to +180 days · patients with adjustment disorders
Interventions to facilitate return to work in adults with adjustment disorders (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 105 participantsLow
CBT vs no treatment
Distress score DASS distress scale from: 0 to 42 points (worse) · patients with adjustment disorders
Interventions to facilitate return to work in adults with adjustment disorders (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 89 participantsModerate
Medication vs placebo
Number relapsed‐recurred · patients with preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents
Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane
OR 0.34 [0.18, 0.64]3 studies · 164 participantsModerate
Medication vs placebo
Suicide‐related behaviours · patients with preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents
Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane
OR 1.02 [0.14, 7.39]3 studies · 164 participantsLow
Medication vs placebo
Drop‐outs · patients with preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents
Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane
OR 1.02 [0.38, 2.79]3 studies · 164 participantsModerate
CBT vs control
Gambling symptom severity ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced gambling symptom severity, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted7 studies · 402 participantsVery low
Integrative therapy vs control
Gambling symptom severity ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced gambling symptom severity, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 137 participantsVery low
Integrative therapy vs control
Financial loss from gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced financial loss from gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 137 participantsVery low
Integrative therapy vs control
Frequency of gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced financial loss from gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 52 participantsLow
CBT vs control
Financial loss from gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced financial loss from gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted7 studies · 505 participantsLow
CBT vs control
Frequency of gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced severity of gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted7 studies · 505 participantsLow
CBT vs control
Diagnoses of pathological gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced rates of pathological gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane
RR 0.13 [0.05, 0.31]2 studies · 81 participantsLow
CBT vs control
Depression symptoms ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced depression symptoms, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 276 participantsLow
CBT vs control
Anxiety symptoms ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced anxiety symptoms, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 276 participantsLow
MI therapy vs control
Gambling symptom severity ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced gambling symptom severity, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 163 participantsVery low
MI therapy vs control
Financial loss from gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced financial loss from gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 244 participantsVery low