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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
BT vs CBT Response at · people with depression Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.59, 0.99] | 8 studies · 344 participants | Low |
BT vs CBT Remission at · people with depression Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.61, 0.98] | 8 studies · 344 participants | Low |
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies Clinical non‐response at post‐treatment · individuals with depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.79, 1.64] | 3 studies · 144 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies Clinical non‐response at · individuals with depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.08, 1.26] | 2 studies · 56 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies Treatment acceptability at post‐treatment Dropout rates · individuals with depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.47, 2.67] | 3 studies · 144 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies Treatment acceptability at · individuals with depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.1, 11.23] | 2 studies · 56 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies Non‐remission at post‐treatment · individuals with depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.6, 1.3] | 1 study · 88 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies Depression levels at post‐treatment (HAM‐D) · individuals with depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 113 participants | Very low |
Mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies vs other psychological therapies Depression levels at · individuals with depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 49 participants | Very low |
Third wave CBT vs TAU Clinical non‐response at post‐treatment · depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.27, 0.95] | 3 studies · 170 participants | Very low |
Third wave CBT vs TAU Treatment acceptability (dropout) at post‐treatment · depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.08, 12.3] | 4 studies · 224 participants | Very low |
Third wave CBT vs TAU Clinical non‐remission at post‐treatment · depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.67, 0.88] | 2 studies · 140 participants | Very low |
Third wave CBT vs TAU Depression levels at post‐treatment · depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 211 participants | Very low |
Third wave CBT vs TAU Anxiety levels at post‐treatment—behavioural activation vs TAU Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) · depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Third wave CBT vs TAU Social adjustment levels at post‐treatment— behavioural activation vs TAU Work and Social Ajustment Scale (WSAS) · depression 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus treatment as usual for depression (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SSRI Response rates Number of participants showing a reduction of at least 50% on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression, the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale or any other depression scale · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.95, 1.08] | 10 studies · 3826 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SNRI Drop out due to inefficacy Number of participants who dropped out due to inefficacy during the trial, as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.21, 4.94] | 1 study · 332 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SNRI Drop outs due to side effects Number of participants who dropped out due to side effects during the trial, as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.3 [0.15, 0.59] | 2 studies · 608 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SNRI Total number of patients with side effects Total number of participants experiencing at least one side effect · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.44, 1.18] | 2 studies · 611 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SSRI Remission rates The number of participants who achieved remission as defined by: a score of 7 or less on the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; 10 or less on the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale; 'not ill or borderline mentally ill... · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.68, 1.01] | 10 studies · 3826 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SSRI Total drop outs Total number of participants who dropped out during the trial as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.83, 1.09] | 10 studies · 3826 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SSRI Drop out due to inefficacy Number of participants who dropped out due to inefficacy during the trial, as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.71, 1.37] | 9 studies · 3377 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SSRI Drop outs due to side effects Number of participants who dropped out due to side effects during the trial, as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.51, 0.91] | 9 studies · 3377 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SSRI Total number of participants with side effects Total number of participants experiencing at least one side effect · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.84, 0.98] | 6 studies · 2490 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SNRI Response rates Number of participants showing a reduction of at least 50% on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression, the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale or any other depression scale · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.98, 1.16] | 3 studies · 669 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SNRI Remission rates The number of participants who achieved remission as defined by: a score of 7 or less on the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; 10 or less on the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale; 'not ill or borderline mentally ill... · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.94, 1.24] | 3 studies · 669 participants | Very low |
Agomelatine vs SNRI Total drop outs Total number of participants who dropped out during the trial as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants · patients with major depression Agomelatine versus other antidepressive agents for major depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.24, 0.67] | 2 studies · 392 participants | Very low |
Second generation antidepressant vs placebo (by medication) Depressive disorder according to DSM or ICD criteriaClinician diagnostic interview · patients with depressive disorders in children and adolescents Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Second generation antidepressant vs placebo (by medication) Suicide completionCompleted suicide rates · patients with depressive disorders in children and adolescents Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Second generation antidepressant vs placebo (by medication) Remission or response (as defined in trial) · patients with depressive disorders in children and adolescents Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [1.08, 1.28] | 16 studies · 2924 participants | Moderate |
Second generation antidepressant vs placebo (by medication) Suicide‐related outcome · patients with depressive disorders in children and adolescents Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.58 [1.02, 2.45] | 17 studies · 3229 participants | Low |
Second generation antidepressant vs placebo (by medication) Depressive symptom severityCDRS‐R. Scale from: 17 to 113. · patients with depressive disorders in children and adolescents Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 2490 participants | Low |
CBT vs no treatment Outcomes3 · patients with adjustment disorders Interventions to facilitate return to work in adults with adjustment disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT vs no treatment Partial return to work · patients with adjustment disorders Interventions to facilitate return to work in adults with adjustment disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 201 participants | Moderate |
CBT vs no treatment Full return to work Scale from: ‐180 to +180 days · patients with adjustment disorders Interventions to facilitate return to work in adults with adjustment disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 105 participants | Low |
CBT vs no treatment Distress score DASS distress scale from: 0 to 42 points (worse) · patients with adjustment disorders Interventions to facilitate return to work in adults with adjustment disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Moderate |
Medication vs placebo Number relapsed‐recurred · patients with preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.34 [0.18, 0.64] | 3 studies · 164 participants | Moderate |
Medication vs placebo Suicide‐related behaviours · patients with preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.02 [0.14, 7.39] | 3 studies · 164 participants | Low |
Medication vs placebo Drop‐outs · patients with preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.02 [0.38, 2.79] | 3 studies · 164 participants | Moderate |
CBT vs control Gambling symptom severity ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced gambling symptom severity, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 402 participants | Very low |
Integrative therapy vs control Gambling symptom severity ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced gambling symptom severity, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 137 participants | Very low |
Integrative therapy vs control Financial loss from gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced financial loss from gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 137 participants | Very low |
Integrative therapy vs control Frequency of gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced financial loss from gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Low |
CBT vs control Financial loss from gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced financial loss from gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 505 participants | Low |
CBT vs control Frequency of gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced severity of gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 505 participants | Low |
CBT vs control Diagnoses of pathological gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced rates of pathological gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.13 [0.05, 0.31] | 2 studies · 81 participants | Low |
CBT vs control Depression symptoms ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced depression symptoms, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 276 participants | Low |
CBT vs control Anxiety symptoms ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced anxiety symptoms, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 276 participants | Low |
MI therapy vs control Gambling symptom severity ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced gambling symptom severity, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 163 participants | Very low |
MI therapy vs control Financial loss from gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced financial loss from gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 244 participants | Very low |