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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders

current versions

No studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Any psychological therapy vs any non‐therapy comparator: end‐of‐intervention and short‐term follow‐up Depressive symptomatology (lower = less depressive symptomatology): end‐of‐intervention · older people with depression Psychological therapies for depression in older adults residing in long‐term care settings (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	18 studies · 644 participants	Very low
Any psychological therapy vs any non‐therapy comparator: end‐of‐intervention and short‐term follow‐up Treatment non‐acceptability (higher = greater non‐acceptability): end‐of‐intervention · older people with depression Psychological therapies for depression in older adults residing in long‐term care settings (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 313 participants	Very low
Any psychological therapy vs any non‐therapy comparator: end‐of‐intervention and short‐term follow‐up Depression remission (presence or absence of MDD):end‐of‐intervention · older people with depression Psychological therapies for depression in older adults residing in long‐term care settings (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 82 participants	Very low
Any psychological therapy vs any non‐therapy comparator: end‐of‐intervention and short‐term follow‐up Quality of life or psychological well‐being (higher = higher quality of life or psychological well‐being): end‐of‐intervention · older people with depression Psychological therapies for depression in older adults residing in long‐term care settings (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 195 participants	Very low
Any psychological therapy vs any non‐therapy comparator: end‐of‐intervention and short‐term follow‐up Anxious symptomatology (lower = less anxious symptomatology): end‐of‐intervention · older people with depression Psychological therapies for depression in older adults residing in long‐term care settings (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 115 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Finding 12. Physical activity should form part of a treatment plan for both men and women with bipolar disorder. Messaging from professionals tended to concentrate on the benefits of weight loss but did not promote potential mental health benefits... · s where they do not wish or feel the need to participate in physical activity. Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	12 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Finding 13. The enabling role of trained, multidisciplinary professionals was highlighted. Having the right health and social care professionals can deliver a holistic approach to care. Trained mental health professionals involved in physical acti... · s where they do not wish or feel the need to participate in physical activity. Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	13 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Finding 14. Finding the right support could facilitate participation and encourage men and women to be active. Having support, whether from professionals or friends and family, was important. · s where they do not wish or feel the need to participate in physical activity. Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	14 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Finding 15. Mood regulation is an important aspect of managing symptoms of bipolar disorder, and monitoring mood and physical activity, including the use of technology, may be helpful for men and women with bipolar disorder. This can be used to he... · s where they do not wish or feel the need to participate in physical activity. Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	15 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Finding 16. Accessible, sustainable interventions and finding the right type of exercise were all identified as important. For many women and men with bipolar disorder, the right type of exercise was walking. · s where they do not wish or feel the need to participate in physical activity. Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	16 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Finding 17. Finding balance, rhythm, structure, and establishing a regular physical activity routine was beneficial. Rhythm and routine brought balance and structure for men and women with bipolar disorder. Incorporating regular physical activity ... · s where they do not wish or feel the need to participate in physical activity. Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	17 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Finding 18: Appropriate coping strategies may support engagement in physical activity and other health‐promoting behaviours. Negative coping mechanisms or a lack of coping strategies for men and women with bipolar disorder can affect engagement. P... · s where they do not wish or feel the need to participate in physical activity. Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	18 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Finding 19: Connecting to nature when undertaking physical activity may convey additional benefits, including increasing the opportunity for social contact, engaging with nature, and reducing stress, that are often associated with spending time ou... · s where they do not wish or feel the need to participate in physical activity. Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	19 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Finding 20. There are some considerations for designing interventions that promote physical activity for bipolar disorder. These include sequencing multicomponent lifestyle changes, technology, incentives, and health promotion strategies that are ... · s where they do not wish or feel the need to participate in physical activity. Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	20 participants	Moderate
Escitalopram vs placebo PTSD severity at 3 months · adults experiencing acute traumatic stress symptoms Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 23 participants	Very low
Hydrocortisone vs placebo Quality of life at 3 months · adults experiencing acute traumatic stress symptoms Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 43 participants	Very low
Escitalopram vs placebo Dropouts due to adverse events at 3 months · adults experiencing acute traumatic stress symptoms Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 31 participants	Very low
Escitalopram vs placebo PTSD rate at 3 months · adults experiencing acute traumatic stress symptoms Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.59 [0.03, 13.08]	1 study · 23 participants	Very low
Escitalopram vs placebo Functional disability at 3 months ‐ not measured · adults experiencing acute traumatic stress symptoms Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Escitalopram vs placebo Quality of life at 3 months ‐ not measured · adults experiencing acute traumatic stress symptoms Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Hydrocortisone vs placebo PTSD severity at 3 months · adults experiencing acute traumatic stress symptoms Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 136 participants	Very low
Hydrocortisone vs placebo Dropouts due to adverse events at 3 months · adults experiencing acute traumatic stress symptoms Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… (2024) · Cochrane	RR 3.19 [0.13, 75.43]	2 studies · 182 participants	Low
Hydrocortisone vs placebo PTSD rate at 3 months · adults experiencing acute traumatic stress symptoms Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… (2024) · Cochrane	RR 0.47 [0.09, 2.38]	3 studies · 136 participants	Very low
Hydrocortisone vs placebo Functional disability at 3 months ‐ not measured · adults experiencing acute traumatic stress symptoms Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Mental well‐being at study endpoint · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (children) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 3378 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Functioning at · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (adults) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Prosocial behaviour at study endpoint ‐ not measured · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (adults) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Prosocial behaviour at · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (adults) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Mental well‐being at · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (children) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 258 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Functioning at study endpoint · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (children) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 183 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Functioning at · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (children) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 183 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Prosocial behaviour at study endpoint · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (children) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 1633 participants	Low
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Prosocial behaviour at · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (children) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 483 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Mental well‐being at study endpoint · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (adults) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 674 participants	Low
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Mental well‐being at · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (adults) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 441 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial intervention vs control Functioning at study endpoint ‐ not measured · promoting the mental health of people living in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises (adults) Psychological and social interventions for the promotion of mental health in people living in low‐ and… (2024) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Specific psychological therapy vs alternative specific psychological therapy Clinical improvement: weight restoration to within the normal weight range for participant sample · people with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa Specific psychological therapies versus other therapies or no treatment for severe and enduring anorexia… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.42 [0.66, 3.05]	1 study · 63 participants	Very low
Specific psychological therapy vs alternative specific psychological therapy Treatment non‐completion: proportion of participants who did not complete treatment · people with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa Specific psychological therapies versus other therapies or no treatment for severe and enduring anorexia… (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.72 [0.45, 6.59]	1 study · 63 participants	Very low
Specific psychological therapy vs alternative specific psychological therapy Proportion of study dropouts or non‐completers due to an adverse event or experience · people with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa Specific psychological therapies versus other therapies or no treatment for severe and enduring anorexia… (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 63 participants	Ungraded
Summary of findings table ‐ Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training vs control Individual mental health · improving mental health and wellbeing Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well‐being (2023) · Cochrane	OR 0.88 [0.61, 1.28]	3 studies · 3939 participants	Very low
Summary of findings table ‐ Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training vs control Mental health service usage ‐ not measured · improving mental health and wellbeing Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well‐being (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training vs control Adverse effects of MHFA ‐ not measured · improving mental health and wellbeing Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well‐being (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training vs alternative mental health literacy interventions Individual mental health ‐ not measured · improving mental health and wellbeing Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well‐being (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training vs alternative mental health literacy interventions Mental health service usage ‐ not measured · improving mental health and wellbeing Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well‐being (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training vs alternative mental health literacy interventions Adverse effects of MHFA ‐ not measured · improving mental health and wellbeing Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well‐being (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training vs alternative intervention Individual mental health ‐ not measured · improving mental health and wellbeing Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well‐being (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training vs alternative intervention Mental health service usage ‐ not measured · improving mental health and wellbeing Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well‐being (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training vs alternative intervention Adverse effects of MHFA ‐ not measured · improving mental health and wellbeing Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well‐being (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents Response to treatment at 8 weeks · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder Brexpiprazole versus placebo or other antidepressive agents for treating depression (2023) · Cochrane	OR 1.47 [1.23, 1.75]	8 studies · 3409 participants	High
Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents Number of dropouts due to any cause at 8 weeks · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder Brexpiprazole versus placebo or other antidepressive agents for treating depression (2023) · Cochrane	OR 1.37 [1.02, 1.83]	7 studies · 2523 participants	High