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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Intraoperative and immediate post‐operative complications · people with age‐related cataract Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 953 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Long‐term complications (one year or more after surgery) · people with age‐related cataract Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · people with age‐related cataract Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cost‐effectiveness · people with age‐related cataract Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 741 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Presenting visual acuity >= 6/12 12 months after surgery · people with age‐related cataract Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Best corrected visual acuity < 6/60 12 months after surgery · people with age‐related cataract Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.36, 1.05] | 1 study · 439 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Posterior capsule opacification 12 months after surgery · people with age‐related cataract Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.22, 0.66] | 2 studies · 571 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Other complications · people with age‐related cataract Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · people with age‐related cataract Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Costs · people with age‐related cataract Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Distance‐corrected near visual acuity at 6 months [Jaeger units] · Participants over age of 21 years undergoing cataract surgery Accommodative intraocular lens versus standard monofocal intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 106 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Distance‐corrected near visual acuity at 12 months or more [Jaeger units and logMAR units] · Participants over age of 21 years undergoing cataract surgery Accommodative intraocular lens versus standard monofocal intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 111 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Corrected distant visual acuity at 6 months [standard deviations] · Participants over age of 21 years undergoing cataract surgery Accommodative intraocular lens versus standard monofocal intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 106 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Corrected distant visual acuity at 12 months or more [logMAR units] · Participants over age of 21 years undergoing cataract surgery Accommodative intraocular lens versus standard monofocal intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 70 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Reading speed [words per minute] · Participants over age of 21 years undergoing cataract surgery Accommodative intraocular lens versus standard monofocal intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Spectacle independence · Participants over age of 21 years undergoing cataract surgery Accommodative intraocular lens versus standard monofocal intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery (2014) · Cochrane | RR 8.18 | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Reported complications Laser capsulotomies for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) · Participants over age of 21 years undergoing cataract surgery Accommodative intraocular lens versus standard monofocal intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery (2014) · Cochrane | Peto OR 7.96 | 2 studies · 60 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Postoperative BCVA (3 months) (LogMAR) · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Postoperative BCVA (post‐suture removal, varied · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Postoperative functional BCVA achieved (post‐suture removal, varied · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.59 [0.05, 6.77] | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Presence of at least one rejection episode As at, at least 3 months post‐suture removal · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.14, 0.98] | 1 study · 81 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failed graft Including cases where the DALK or PK procedure was unable to be successfully completed as outlined in the methodology for the study. As at, at least 3 months post‐suture removal · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 7.52 [0.39, 144.43] | 1 study · 81 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Postoperative functional BCVA achieved (3 months) Functional BCVA = vision of 0.30 LogMAR or better. As at, 3 months post‐graft · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Postoperative BCVA (12 months) (LogMAR) As at, 12 months post‐graft · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Postoperative BCVA (post‐suture removal, varied · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Postoperative functional BCVA achieved (post‐suture removal, varied · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.59 [0.05, 6.77] | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Presence of at least one rejection episode As at, post‐suture removal · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.14, 0.81] | 2 studies · 111 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Failed graft Including cases where the DALK or PK procedure was unable to be successfully completed as outlined in the methodology for the study · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 7.52 | 2010 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Postoperative BCVA (3 months) (LogMAR) Measured on LogMar scale where normal vision is 0.00. Each line of a LogMAR chart has 5 letters. Each letter is worth 0.02 on the LogMAR scale. A person with vision one full line (five letters) worse than nor... · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Postoperative functional BCVA achieved (3 months) Functional BCVA = vision of 0.30 LogMAR or better. As at, 3 months post‐graft · Patients with keratoconus undergoing corneal grafting Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause death · patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration Systemic safety of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.78, 1.57] | 8 studies · 3338 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR All serious systemic adverse events · patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration Systemic safety of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.9, 1.31] | 9 studies · 3665 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Infection · patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration Systemic safety of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [0.97, 1.86] | 6 studies · 3190 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Arterial thromboembolic event · patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration Systemic safety of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.62, 1.37] | 6 studies · 3190 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Myocardial infarction · patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration Systemic safety of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.42, 1.66] | 6 studies · 3190 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Stroke · patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration Systemic safety of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.42, 1.66] | 6 studies · 3190 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Gastrointestinal disorders MedDRA class · patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration Systemic safety of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.82 [1.04, 3.19] | 6 studies · 3190 participants | Moderate |
Laser photocoagulation vs control Loss of 15 or more letters BCVA · people with diabetic retinopathy Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.89, 1.11] | 2 studies · 8926 participants | Low |
Laser photocoagulation vs control BCVA measured using logMAR acuity (0 = 6/6 visual acuity, higher score is worse visual acuity) · people with diabetic retinopathy Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Laser photocoagulation vs control Severe visual loss (BCVA < 6/60) · people with diabetic retinopathy Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.24, 0.86] | 4 studies · 9276 participants | Moderate |
Laser photocoagulation vs control Progression of diabetic retinopathy · people with diabetic retinopathy Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.37, 0.64] | 4 studies · 8331 participants | Low |
Laser photocoagulation vs control Quality of life · people with diabetic retinopathy Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laser photocoagulation vs control Pain · people with diabetic retinopathy Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laser photocoagulation vs control Loss of driving licence · people with diabetic retinopathy Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) vs photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) UCVA of 20/20 or better · patients with myopia Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.64 [1.1, 2.45] | 7 studies · 1007 participants | Low |
Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) vs photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) Within 0.50 D of target refraction · patients with myopia Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.45 [0.99, 2.1] | 7 studies · 1007 participants | Low |
Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) vs photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) Postoperative spherical equivalent · patients with myopia Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 589 participants | Low |
Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) vs photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) Lost one or more lines of BCVA · patients with myopia Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.88 [0.51, 1.5] | 6 studies · 746 participants | Low |
Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) vs photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) Final BCVA of 20/40 or less · patients with myopia Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.12 [0.01, 1.93] | 6 studies · 442 participants | Very low |
Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) vs photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) Pain scores · patients with myopia Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 3 participants | Ungraded |