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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Frequency of transfusion · participants with β‐thalassaemia Splenectomy for people with thalassaemia major or intermedia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events Post‐operative bleeding · participants with β‐thalassaemia Splenectomy for people with thalassaemia major or intermedia (2019) · Cochrane | RR 5 [0.26, 95.61] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events Post‐operative atelectasis · participants with β‐thalassaemia Splenectomy for people with thalassaemia major or intermedia (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events Intra‐operative bleeding · participants with β‐thalassaemia Splenectomy for people with thalassaemia major or intermedia (2019) · Cochrane | RR 7 | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quality of life · participants with β‐thalassaemia Splenectomy for people with thalassaemia major or intermedia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Non‐serious adverse events · participants with β‐thalassaemia Splenectomy for people with thalassaemia major or intermedia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Haeatological indices · participants with β‐thalassaemia Splenectomy for people with thalassaemia major or intermedia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Duration of hospital stay · participants with β‐thalassaemia Splenectomy for people with thalassaemia major or intermedia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serum ferritin · participants with β‐thalassaemia Splenectomy for people with thalassaemia major or intermedia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous magnesium sulphate vs placebo Change in frequency of vaso‐occlusive painful crises (as measured by pain diary of days with significant pain) · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Moderate |
Oral magnesium pidolate vs placebo/no intervention Length of hospital stay · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral magnesium pidolate vs placebo/no intervention Change in dense red cells in sickle cell disease · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral magnesium pidolate vs placebo/no intervention Effects of K‐Cl cotransport red cell K+ and Mg2+ content (RBC magnesium) mM/kg Hb · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Moderate |
Oral magnesium pidolate vs placebo/no intervention Adverse events: diarrhoea and headache · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Moderate |
Oral magnesium pidolate vs placebo/no intervention Adverse events: including serious adverse events, vaso‐occlusive crisis, gastrointestinal disorder, headache or migraine, upper respiratory tract infection, rash · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Moderate |
Intravenous magnesium sulphate vs placebo HRQoL score (Child‐reported PedsQL generic scale) at 1 week · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 202 participants | Low |
Intravenous magnesium sulphate vs placebo HRQoL score (Child‐reported PedsQL multidimensional fatigue scale) at 1 week · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 202 participants | Low |
Intravenous magnesium sulphate vs placebo HRQoL score (Child‐reported PedsQL sickle cell disease module) at 1 week · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 202 participants | Low |
Intravenous magnesium sulphate vs placebo Length of hospital stay (hours) · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Low |
Intravenous magnesium sulphate vs placebo Adverse effects: hypotension · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.57 [0.5, 13.08] | 2 studies · 306 participants | Low |
Intravenous magnesium sulphate vs placebo Adverse effects: warmth at infusion site · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 13.26 [3.23, 54.4] | 1 study · 202 participants | Low |
Oral magnesium pidolate vs placebo/no intervention Change in frequency of vaso‐occlusive painful crises (as measured by pain diary days with significant pain) · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Oral magnesium pidolate vs placebo/no intervention Quality of life · people with sickle cell disease Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy Time to next isolation of PA · children (aged 1 to 12 years) with CF and a newly isolated PA infection Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | HR 2.04 [1.28, 3.26] | 1 study · 253 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy Quality of life · children (aged 1 to 12 years) with CF and a newly isolated PA infection Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy FEV1: change from baseline (L) · children (aged 1 to 12 years) with CF and a newly isolated PA infection Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 131 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy Pulmonary exacerbations: frequency · children (aged 1 to 12 years) with CF and a newly isolated PA infection Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 253 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy Time to chronic PA · children (aged 1 to 12 years) with CF and a newly isolated PA infection Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy Adverse events: severe adverse events (total) · children (aged 1 to 12 years) with CF and a newly isolated PA infection Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.39, 1.11] | 1 study · 253 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy Emergence of novel bacteria: isolation of novel gram negative organisms · children (aged 1 to 12 years) with CF and a newly isolated PA infection Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.67, 1.5] | 1 study · 253 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Pharmacological intervention (pregabalin) vs placebo Self‐reported pain relief ‐ NPSI: ranges from 0 to 100. Higher scores are indicative of neuropathic pain. · adults and children with sickle cell disease experiencing neuropathic pain Interventions for treating neuropathic pain in people with sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Pharmacological intervention (pregabalin) vs placebo Self‐reported pain relief ‐ S‐LANSS: Possible total scores range from 0 to 24, and a score of 12 or higher is indicative of neuropathic pain. · adults and children with sickle cell disease experiencing neuropathic pain Interventions for treating neuropathic pain in people with sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Pharmacological intervention (pregabalin) vs placebo PGIC · adults and children with sickle cell disease experiencing neuropathic pain Interventions for treating neuropathic pain in people with sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Pharmacological intervention (pregabalin) vs placebo Time to improvement of symptoms · adults and children with sickle cell disease experiencing neuropathic pain Interventions for treating neuropathic pain in people with sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Pharmacological intervention (pregabalin) vs placebo Change in QoL · adults and children with sickle cell disease experiencing neuropathic pain Interventions for treating neuropathic pain in people with sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Pharmacological intervention (pregabalin) vs placebo Changes in sleep quality as measured by sleep questionnaires · adults and children with sickle cell disease experiencing neuropathic pain Interventions for treating neuropathic pain in people with sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Pharmacological intervention (pregabalin) vs placebo Treatment‐related adverse effects · adults and children with sickle cell disease experiencing neuropathic pain Interventions for treating neuropathic pain in people with sickle cell disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Number of immediate (less than 24 hours) and delayed (24 hours to 10 days) postoperative bleeding episodes requiring intervention · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions · Immediate (<24 h) and delayed (24 h to 10 days) Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported in either of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Side effects or other adverse events · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions · Up to 10 days postoperative Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | RD 0.034 [-0.32, 0.38] | 2 studies · 59 participants | Low |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Standard care (usual local haemostatic measures: gelatin sponge and sutures, or dry gauze compression) Major bleeding requiring transfusion of packed red blood cells · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · 7 days Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | RD 0.00 [-0.04, 0.04] | 2 studies · 125 participants | Ungraded |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) Number of thromboembolic complications · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Standard care (usual local haemostatic measures: gelatin sponge and sutures, or dry gauze compression) Number of participants with postoperative bleedings requiring intervention · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · 7 days Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | RD 0.02 [-0.07, 0.11] | 2 studies · 125 participants | Moderate |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) Number of minor postoperative bleeding episodes · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · 7 days Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | RD -0.06 [-0.33, 0.20] | 2 studies · 128 participants | Ungraded |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) Bleeding duration (minutes, all types of bleeding, minor and major) · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) Side effects or other adverse events requiring withdrawal · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · 7 days Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | RD 0.00 [-0.04, 0.04] | 2 studies · 128 participants | Moderate |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) Change in haemoglobin level from baseline · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic agents (tranexamic acid (TXA) or epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA)) vs Placebo, no intervention, or usual care Outcome NR · People on continuous direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) treatment undergoing oral or dental procedures Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of deaths · adults and children with sickle cell disease Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 524 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number of sickle pain crises · adults and children with sickle cell disease Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 524 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number of serious complications of sickle cell disease: mean number of crises · adults and children with sickle cell disease Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 145 participants | Moderate |