What do systematic reviews say?

Short feeding interval vs long feeding interval

• Short versus long feeding interval for bolus feedings in very preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 350 participants
  Low

Late parenteral nutrition vs early parenteral nutrition

Late parenteral nutrition may leads to lower neonatal mortality (within 28 days of birth) compared with early parenteral nutrition (low certainty).

• Early versus late parenteral nutrition for critically ill term and late preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.29 [0.1, 0.88]
  1 study · 209 participants
  Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

• Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Low

Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) vs no NNS

• Non‐nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 303 participants
  Low

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation vs conventional ventilation

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease at 28 days of birth (CLD 28 days) compared with conventional ventilation (low certainty).

• Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.54, 1.07]
  1 study · 97 participants
  Low

OS‐LE vs S‐LE

• Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 223 participants
  Low

MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE

• Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 234 participants
  Low

MS‐LE vs S‐LE

• Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs S‐LE

• Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 261 participants
  Low

Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs S‐LE

• Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 484 participants
  Very low

MFS‐LE vs S‐LE

• Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 57 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes cerebral palsy at 18 to 22 months' corrected age compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

• Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.15, 61.74]
  1 study · 12 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

• Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 12 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes normal auditory functioning at discharge compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

• Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.65 [0.93, 2.94]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

• Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.07 [0.64, 6.7]
  1 study · 34 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

• Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 14 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

• Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 14 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

• Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

• Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low

Probiotics vs control

• Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  57 studies · 10918 participants
  Low