Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

HFNC vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age if born < 32 weeks' gestation, or 28 days if born ≥ 32 weeks' gestation) · preterm infants requiring primary respiratory support

Nasal high flow showed no clear difference in BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks'… compared with continuous positive airway pressure (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [0.74, 1.76]
8 studies · 1917 participants
Low

HFNC vs nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation

Death (before hospital discharge) or BPD (supplemental oxygen/respiratory support at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age if born < 32 weeks' gestation, or 28 days if born ≥ 32 weeks' gestation) · preterm infants requiring primary respiratory support

It is very uncertain whether nasal high flow changes death (before hospital discharge) or BPD (supplemental… compared with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.3, 1.37]
2 studies · 182 participants
Very low

Nebulised hypertonic saline vs nebulised 0.9% saline

Length of hospital stay · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
21 studies · 2479 participants
Low

Nebulised hypertonic saline vs nebulised 0.9% saline

Clinical severity score (post‐treatment) at day 1 · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 893 participants
Low

Nebulised hypertonic saline vs nebulised 0.9% saline

Clinical severity score (post‐treatment) at day 2 · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 907 participants
Low

Nebulised hypertonic saline vs nebulised 0.9% saline

Number of days to resolution of symptoms and signs (wheezing) · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 205 participants
Very low

Nebulised hypertonic saline vs nebulised 0.9% saline

Number of days to resolution of symptoms and signs (cough) · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 363 participants
Very low

Nebulised hypertonic saline vs nebulised 0.9% saline

Number of days to resolution of symptoms and signs(pulmonary moist crackles) · infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 205 participants
Very low

ESWL vs RIRS

Duration of hospital stay MCID: 1 day absolute difference · people (>14 years) with kidney stones

1 finding from 1 review

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or retrograde intrarenal… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 591 participants
Moderate

ESWL vs PCNL

Duration of hospital stay MCID: 1 day absolute difference · people (>14 years) with kidney stones

1 finding from 1 review

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or retrograde intrarenal… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 841 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Length of ICU stay (days admitted to the ICU unit)

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1687 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Length of hospital stay (days admitted to the hospital)

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 1520 participants
Very low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Blood lossTime point: mean 48 hours, range 1 to 13 days. Higher blood loss indicates a worse outcome. · people undergoing total knee replacement

1 finding from 1 review

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 956 participants
Low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Pain at post‐operative day 2Scale from 0 (best) to 10 (worst). · people undergoing total knee replacement

1 finding from 1 review

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 530 participants
Low

Statins vs placebo

Resumption of menstrual regularity · women with polycystic ovary syndrome not actively trying to conceive

1 finding from 1 review

Statins for women with polycystic ovary syndrome not actively trying to conceive 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 37 participants
Very low

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control

Return to previous activities ‐ Resumption of work (days) · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius, clavicle, scaphoid,…

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 370 participants
Low

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control

Time to fracture union · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius, clavicle, scaphoid,…

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 887 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Acute GVHD II to IV (90 days) · patients after allogeneic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation

The intervention leads to lower acute GVHD II to IV (90 days) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Polyclonal anti‐thymocyte globulins for the prophylaxis of graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic stem cell or… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.6, 0.79]
10 studies · 1413 participants
High

Immunoglobulin vs placebo

Length of hospitalisation (days) · children with respiratory syncytial virus infection

1 finding from 1 review

Immunoglobulin treatment for hospitalised infants and young children with respiratory syncytial virus infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 737 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: endovenous ablation and compression vs compression alone

Ulcer healing time (measured as days from randomisation and followed‐up to 1 year) · people with venous leg ulcers

Summary of findings: endovenous ablation and compression leads to higher ulcer healing time (measured as days from randomisation and… compared with compression alone (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Endovenous ablation for venous leg ulcers 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.41 [1.36, 1.47]
2 studies · 466 participants
High