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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Inferior oblique myectomy vs recession Proportion of participants with postoperative hypertropia less than 3 PD in down gaze · people with symptom‐producing and/or socially noticeable unilateral overacting inferior oblique muscle; all… Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
Inferior oblique myectomy vs recession Proportion of participants with postoperative hypertropia less than 3 PD in contralateral gaze · people with symptom‐producing and/or socially noticeable unilateral overacting inferior oblique muscle; all… Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
Inferior oblique myectomy vs recession Proportion of participants who received additional strabismus surgery · people with symptom‐producing and/or socially noticeable unilateral overacting inferior oblique muscle; all… Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
Inferior oblique myectomy vs recession Proportion of participants with reversal of vertical deviation postoperatively · people with symptom‐producing and/or socially noticeable unilateral overacting inferior oblique muscle; all… Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
Inferior oblique myectomy vs recession Proportion of participants with postoperative orbital cellulitis · people with symptom‐producing and/or socially noticeable unilateral overacting inferior oblique muscle; all… Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
Inferior oblique disinsertion vs anterior transposition Proportion of participants with postoperative surgical success (hypertropia less than 3 PD in primary gaze) · people with unilateral superior oblique palsy Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Moderate |
Inferior oblique disinsertion vs anterior transposition Proportion of participants with anomalous head position preoperatively with residual head tilt postoperatively · people with unilateral superior oblique palsy Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 7 [0.4, 121.39] | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Antibiotic vs no treatment Change in visual acuity · People with toxoplasma retinochoroiditis Antibiotics versus no treatment for toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 93 participants | Low |
Antibiotic vs no treatment or more recurrences of retinochoroiditis · People with toxoplasma retinochoroiditis Antibiotics versus no treatment for toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.26 [0.11, 0.63] | 3 studies · 227 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic vs no treatment Improvement in intraocular inflammation · People with toxoplasma retinochoroiditis Antibiotics versus no treatment for toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.76 [0.98, 3.19] | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Antibiotic vs no treatment Size of lesion · People with toxoplasma retinochoroiditis Antibiotics versus no treatment for toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotic vs no treatment Adverse events · People with toxoplasma retinochoroiditis Antibiotics versus no treatment for toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.37, 24.17] | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Multifocal vs monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction Unaided distance visual acuity worse than 6/6 · people with cataract Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.89, 1.03] | 8 studies · 682 participants | Moderate |
Multifocal vs monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction Corrected distance visual acuity worse than 6/6 · people with cataract Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Multifocal vs monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction Unaided near visual acuity worse than J3/J4 · people with cataract Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.07, 0.58] | 8 studies · 782 participants | Low |
Multifocal vs monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction Spectacle dependence · people with cataract Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.55, 0.73] | 10 studies · 1000 participants | Low |
Multifocal vs monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction Participant‐reported outcomes: quality of life or visual function · people with cataract Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 435 participants | Very low |
Multifocal vs monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction Participant‐reported outcomes: glare · people with cataract Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [1.03, 1.93] | 7 studies · 544 participants | Low |
Multifocal vs monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction Participant‐reported outcomes: haloes · people with cataract Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3.58 [1.99, 6.46] | 7 studies · 662 participants | Moderate |
Patching vs no patching Complete healing after 24 hours · participants with corneal abrasion Patching for corneal abrasion (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.79, 1] | 7 studies · 531 participants | Low |
Patching vs no patching Complete healing after 48 hours · participants with corneal abrasion Patching for corneal abrasion (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.02] | 6 studies · 497 participants | Moderate |
Patching vs no patching Complete healing after 72 hours · participants with corneal abrasion Patching for corneal abrasion (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.05] | 4 studies · 430 participants | Moderate |
Patching vs no patching Days to complete healing · participants with corneal abrasion Patching for corneal abrasion (2016) · Cochrane | MD 0.14 [0, 0.27] | 6 studies · 642 participants | Moderate |
Patching vs no patching Pain at 24 hours · participants with corneal abrasion Patching for corneal abrasion (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.51 [0.86, 2.65] | 2 studies · 193 participants | Low |
Patching vs no patching Quality of life · participants with corneal abrasion Patching for corneal abrasion (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patching vs no patching Adverse effects1 · participants with corneal abrasion Patching for corneal abrasion (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3.24 [0.87, 12.05] | 8 studies · 660 participants | Low |
Patching vs no patching Change in visual acuity one week from initial presentation · participants with corneal abrasion Patching for corneal abrasion (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Ungraded |
NSAIDS plus steroids vs steroids Poor vision due to MO at 3 months after surgery · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.23, 0.76] | 5 studies · 1360 participants | Low |
NSAIDS vs steroids Quality of life at 3 months after surgery · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAIDS vs steroids Central retinal thickness at 3 months after surgery; · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 121 participants | Low |
NSAIDS vs steroids Adverse effects · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 488 participants | Ungraded |
NSAIDS vs steroids MO at 3 months after cataract surgery; clinically symptomatic · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.27 [0.18, 0.41] | 5 studies · 520 participants | Low |
NSAIDS vs steroids BCVA at 3 months after surgery; · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 220 participants | Ungraded |
NSAIDS plus steroids vs steroids Poor vision due to MO at 12 months after surgery · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.09, 20.37] | 1 study · 88 participants | Very low |
NSAIDS plus steroids vs steroids Quality of life at 3 months after surgery · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 74 participants | Ungraded |
NSAIDS plus steroids vs steroids Central retinal thickness at 3 months after surgery; · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1021 participants | Ungraded |
NSAIDS plus steroids vs steroids Adverse effects · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 18 participants | Ungraded |
NSAIDS plus steroids vs steroids MO at 3 months after cataract surgery, clinically symptomatic, · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 | 21 studies · 3638 participants | Low |
NSAIDS plus steroids vs steroids BCVA at 3 months after surgery; · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1158 participants | Ungraded |
NSAIDS vs steroids Poor vision outcome due to MO at 3 months after surgery · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAIDS vs steroids Poor vision outcome due to MO at 12 months after surgery · people having cataract surgery Prophylactic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Statins vs placebo Change in visual acuity · People aged 50 years or older with age‐related macular degeneration Statins for age‐related macular degeneration (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Statins vs placebo Onset and progression of AMD · People aged 50 years or older with age‐related macular degeneration Statins for age‐related macular degeneration (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 114 participants | Low |
Statins vs placebo Adverse outcomes · People aged 50 years or older with age‐related macular degeneration Statins for age‐related macular degeneration (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 114 participants | Low |
Intervention NR HSK recurrence in people with corneal graft · People with HED who had corneal graft(s) Oral antivirals for preventing recurrent herpes simplex keratitis in people with corneal grafts (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.13, 0.64] | 3 studies · 126 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Graft failure · People with HED who had corneal graft(s) Oral antivirals for preventing recurrent herpes simplex keratitis in people with corneal grafts (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.16, 0.97] | 3 studies · 126 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse outcomes · People with HED who had corneal graft(s) Oral antivirals for preventing recurrent herpes simplex keratitis in people with corneal grafts (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · People with HED who had corneal graft(s) Oral antivirals for preventing recurrent herpes simplex keratitis in people with corneal grafts (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Comparison (Intervention vs. comparator) · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR PEG 400 vs. HP‐guar · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |