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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

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Review versions

1,751 questions in 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

current versions

No studies 361 · 20.6%Ungraded 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Nalbuphine vs placebo Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.1 [0.01, 0.71]	1 study · 40 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs morphine Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (postoperative care unit) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.33 [0.64, 2.77]	2 studies · 90 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs morphine Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.2 [0.8, 1.8]	1 study · 50 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs tramadol Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 50 participants	Very low
Nalbuphine vs tramadol Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.75 [0.39, 1.43]	1 study · 76 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs tramadol Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.77]	1 study · 24 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs tramadol Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.45 [0.5, 4.16]	2 studies · 110 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs tramadol Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.5 [0.11, 2.23]	1 study · 24 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs pethidine Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 50 participants	Very low
Nalbuphine vs pethidine Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.07 [0.52, 2.23]	1 study · 77 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs pethidine Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.13 [0.52, 2.44]	1 study · 50 participants	Very low
Nalbuphine vs placebo Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (2 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.14 [0.02, 1.06]	1 study · 40 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs piritramid Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 8.17 [0.45, 147.76]	1 study · 37 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs piritramid Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.59 [0.12, 2.83]	1 study · 37 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs placebo Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.47 [0.27, 0.84]	1 study · 76 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs placebo Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.06 [0, 0.94]	1 study · 16 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs placebo Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (postoperative care unit) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.16, 6.42]	1 study · 40 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs placebo Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.59 [0.12, 2.83]	1 study · 37 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs morphine Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.84 [0.12, 5.74]	2 studies · 90 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs morphine Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (2 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.09 [0.59, 2.01]	2 studies · 90 participants	Low
Nalbuphine vs morphine Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.61 [0.37, 1.01]	1 study · 50 participants	Low
Intervention NR At least 50% reduction in pain or equivalent · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy) Imipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR "Moderate" benefit At least 30% reduction in pain · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy) Imipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Proportion below 30/100 mm on VAS · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy) Imipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy) Imipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 40 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Adverse event withdrawals · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy) Imipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 109 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy) Imipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 168 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Death · neuropathic pain (5 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and polyneuropathy) Imipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 168 participants	Very low
Intervention NR At least 50% reduction in pain · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy,… Levetiracetam for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 59 participants	Very low
Intervention NR At least 30% reduction in pain · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy,… Levetiracetam for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 59 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Proportion below 30/100 mm on VAS · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy,… Levetiracetam for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Patient Global Impression of Change very much improved (patient global evaluation of pain relief complete or good) · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy,… Levetiracetam for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 86 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved (patient global evaluation of pain relief complete, good or moderate) · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy,… Levetiracetam for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 86 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Any measure of 'substantial' pain relief · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy,… Levetiracetam for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 121 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Adverse event withdrawals · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy,… Levetiracetam for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	RR 4.9 [2.2, 11]	6 studies · 334 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy,… Levetiracetam for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 334 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Death · neuropathic pain (6 studies in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathy,… Levetiracetam for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Intervention NR At least 50% reduction in pain or equivalent · adults with peripheral neuropathic pain conditions Topical lidocaine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 58 participants	Very low
Intervention NR "Moderate" benefit At least 30% reduction in pain · adults with peripheral neuropathic pain conditions Topical lidocaine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 58 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · adults with peripheral neuropathic pain conditions Topical lidocaine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Adverse event withdrawals · adults with peripheral neuropathic pain conditions Topical lidocaine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 263 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · adults with peripheral neuropathic pain conditions Topical lidocaine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 263 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Death · adults with peripheral neuropathic pain conditions Topical lidocaine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 210 participants	Ungraded
Intervention NR At least 50% reduction in pain · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia) Desipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR At least 30% reduction in pain · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia) Desipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Proportion below 30/100 mm on VAS · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia) Desipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Patient Global Impression of Change very much improved (PGPR "complete" or "a lot") · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia) Desipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 50 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved (PGPR "complete", "a lot", or "moderate") · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia) Desipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 50 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Adverse event withdrawals · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia) Desipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 76 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia) Desipramine for neuropathic pain in adults (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 177 participants	Ungraded