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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Chemoradiotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy plus surgery Use of salvage procedures for dysphagia · nonmetastatic esophageal cancer Chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy plus surgery for esophageal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.36, 0.75] | 1 study · 259 participants | Low |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs placebo Global symptoms of dyspepsia (> 2 weeks) · functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.82, 0.94] | 18 studies · 6172 participants | Moderate |
Proton pump inhibitors plus prokinetics vs prokinetics alone Global symptoms of dyspepsia · adults with functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.68, 1.08] | 2 studies · 407 participants | Moderate |
Proton pump inhibitors plus prokinetics vs prokinetics alone Quality of life Korean version of the dyspepsia related Nepean Dyspepsia Index (0 to 99) and Functional Digestive Disorders Quality of Life questionnaire (FDDQL) scale · adults with functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 258 participants | Moderate |
Proton pump inhibitors plus prokinetics vs prokinetics alone Adverse events · adults with functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.39, 0.93] | 2 studies · 407 participants | Moderate |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs placebo Quality of life Psychological General Well‐Being Index (Scale from: 22 to 132) and SF‐36 (Scale from: 0 to 100) combined · functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1630 participants | Moderate |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs placebo Adverse events · functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.73, 1.33] | 6 studies · 2693 participants | Moderate |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) Global symptoms of dyspepsia · adults with functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.74, 1.04] | 2 studies · 740 participants | Low |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) Quality of life · adults with functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) Adverse events · adults with functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.64, 1.46] | 1 study · 589 participants | Moderate |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs prokinetics Global symptoms of dyspepsia · adults with functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.81, 0.99] | 5 studies · 1033 participants | Low |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs prokinetics Quality of life Korean version of the dyspepsia related Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) from: 0 to 99 · adults with functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 262 participants | Moderate |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs prokinetics Adverse events · adults with functional dyspepsia Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.79, 1.49] | 5 studies · 1033 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Short‐term mortality · people with acute pancreatitis Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.81 [0.57, 1.15] | 17 studies · 1058 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Long‐term mortality · people with acute pancreatitis Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events (proportion) · people with acute pancreatitis Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.65 [0.37, 1.15] | 5 studies · 304 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events (number) · people with acute pancreatitis Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis (2017) · Cochrane | 0.86 [0.68, 1.07] | 12 studies · 716 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Organ failure · people with acute pancreatitis Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.44, 1.38] | 5 studies · 258 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Infected pancreatic necrosis · people with acute pancreatitis Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.82 [0.53, 1.25] | 11 studies · 714 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Sepsis · people with acute pancreatitis Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.42 [0.11, 1.6] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · people with acute pancreatitis Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
On‐demand deprescribing vs continued use Lack of symptom control · people with moderate GERD and mild esophagitis, mean age 48 to 57 years Deprescribing versus continuation of chronic proton pump inhibitor use in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [1.31, 2.21] | 5 studies · 1653 participants | Low |
On‐demand deprescribing vs continued use Pill use (pills/week) · people with moderate GERD and mild esophagitis, mean age 48 to 57 years Deprescribing versus continuation of chronic proton pump inhibitor use in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1152 participants | Moderate |
On‐demand deprescribing vs continued use Cost/resource use · people with moderate GERD and mild esophagitis, mean age 48 to 57 years Deprescribing versus continuation of chronic proton pump inhibitor use in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
On‐demand deprescribing vs continued use Adverse drug withdrawal events ‐ esophagitis (endoscopic findings) · people with moderate GERD and mild esophagitis, mean age 48 to 57 years Deprescribing versus continuation of chronic proton pump inhibitor use in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 30.59 [1.84, 508.91] | 1 study · 598 participants | Low |
On‐demand deprescribing vs continued use Participant satisfaction · people with moderate GERD and mild esophagitis, mean age 48 to 57 years Deprescribing versus continuation of chronic proton pump inhibitor use in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.82 [1.26, 2.65] | 5 studies · 1653 participants | Very low |
Abrupt discontinuation deprescribing vs continued use Lack of symptom control · people with mild to moderate esophagitis, symptomatic, aged > 18 years (mean age 73 years) Deprescribing versus continuation of chronic proton pump inhibitor use in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 3.02 [1.74, 5.24] | 1 study · 105 participants | Very low |
Abrupt discontinuation deprescribing vs continued use Adverse drug withdrawal events ‐ relapse (endoscopic findings) · people with mild to moderate esophagitis, symptomatic, aged > 18 years (mean age 73 years) Deprescribing versus continuation of chronic proton pump inhibitor use in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 3.41 [1.91, 6.09] | 1 study · 105 participants | Very low |
Pancreaticojejunostomy vs pancreatogastrostomy after pancreatoduodectomy Postoperative pancreatic fistula (Grade A, B or C) · adults undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (mainly for pancreatic cancer) Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for the prevention of postoperative… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.88, 1.62] | 9 studies · 1513 participants | Low |
Pancreaticojejunostomy vs pancreatogastrostomy after pancreatoduodectomy Cost analysis · adults undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (mainly for pancreatic cancer) Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for the prevention of postoperative… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pancreaticojejunostomy vs pancreatogastrostomy after pancreatoduodectomy Clinically significant pancreatic fistula (Grade B or C) · adults undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (mainly for pancreatic cancer) Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for the prevention of postoperative… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.51 [0.92, 2.47] | 7 studies · 1184 participants | Very low |
Pancreaticojejunostomy vs pancreatogastrostomy after pancreatoduodectomy Postoperative mortality · adults undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (mainly for pancreatic cancer) Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for the prevention of postoperative… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.53, 1.34] | 10 studies · 1629 participants | Moderate |
Pancreaticojejunostomy vs pancreatogastrostomy after pancreatoduodectomy Length of hospital stay · adults undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (mainly for pancreatic cancer) Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for the prevention of postoperative… (2017) · Cochrane | MD 1.04 | 4 studies · 502 participants | Low |
Pancreaticojejunostomy vs pancreatogastrostomy after pancreatoduodectomy Surgical re‐intervention · adults undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (mainly for pancreatic cancer) Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for the prevention of postoperative… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.86, 1.61] | 7 studies · 1263 participants | Low |
Pancreaticojejunostomy vs pancreatogastrostomy after pancreatoduodectomy Surgical complications · adults undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (mainly for pancreatic cancer) Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for the prevention of postoperative… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.9, 1.18] | 9 studies · 1513 participants | Moderate |
Pancreaticojejunostomy vs pancreatogastrostomy after pancreatoduodectomy Postoperative bleeding · adults undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (mainly for pancreatic cancer) Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for the prevention of postoperative… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.51, 0.93] | 8 studies · 1386 participants | Low |
Pancreaticojejunostomy vs pancreatogastrostomy after pancreatoduodectomy Intra‐abdominal abscess · adults undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (mainly for pancreatic cancer) Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for the prevention of postoperative… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.77 [1.11, 2.81] | 7 studies · 1121 participants | Low |
Pancreaticojejunostomy vs pancreatogastrostomy after pancreatoduodectomy Quality of life · adults undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (mainly for pancreatic cancer) Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for the prevention of postoperative… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 320 participants | Low |
Anti‐TB therapy vs placebo Relapse · patients with maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease Anti‐tuberculous therapy for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.45, 0.75] | 4 studies · 206 participants | Very low |
Anti‐TB therapy vs placebo Adverse events · patients with maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease Anti‐tuberculous therapy for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.57 [1.45, 4.55] | 4 studies · 322 participants | Very low |
Anti‐TB therapy vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease Anti‐tuberculous therapy for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.6, 2.77] | 4 studies · 322 participants | Very low |
Azathioprine vs placebo Failure to maintain remission · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.54, 0.86] | 4 studies · 232 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Acute pancreatitis · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 4.13 [0.48, 35.48] | 6 studies · 279 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Bone marrow suppression · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3.09 [0.64, 14.83] | 5 studies · 257 participants | Very low |
Azathioprine vs placebo Any adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.51 [0.82, 7.74] | 4 studies · 232 participants | Very low |
Azathioprine vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse event · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 7 [0.38, 128.87] | 3 studies · 152 participants | Very low |
Azathioprine vs sulfasalazine Failure to maintain remission · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.52 [0.66, 3.5] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
6‐Mercaptopurine vs 5‐ASA Failure to maintain remission · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.31, 0.9] | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
6‐Mercaptopurine vs methotrexate Failure to maintain remission · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.31, 0.95] | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Azathioprine (AZA) vs cyclosporin of remission Failure to maintain remission · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.33, 1.92] | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |