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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,751 questions in 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care
current versionsNo studies 361 · 20.6%Ungraded 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Change in long‐term QoL CARES‐SF (global) · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in other outcomes · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cost‐ effectiveness · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Change in short‐term disability (cognition) FIM cognition · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in long‐term disability (function) FIM motor · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in long‐term disability (cognition) FIM cognition · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in short‐term psychological outcomes DASS (total) · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in short‐term participation PIPP (total) · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in short‐term QoL CARES‐SF (global) · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in long‐term psychological outcomes DASS (total) · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in long‐term participation PIPP (total) · 106 participants with primary brain tumour Multidisciplinary rehabilitation after primary brain tumour treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Tramadol vs placebo Number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.2, 0.78] | 5 studies · 289 participants | Low |
Tramadol vs nalbuphine Number of patients with PONV (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.5, 2.01] | 2 studies · 137 participants | Low |
Tramadol vs pethidine Number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.43, 2.02] | 2 studies · 120 participants | Very low |
Tramadol vs pethidine Number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.36, 1.16] | 2 studies · 94 participants | Low |
Tramadol vs pethidine Number of patients with PONV (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.28, 2.02] | 3 studies · 156 participants | Low |
Tramadol vs fentanyl Number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Tramadol vs fentanyl Number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tramadol vs fentanyl Number of patients with PONV (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Tramadol vs placebo Number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Tramadol vs placebo Number of patients with PONV (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.28, 2.52] | 3 studies · 215 participants | Moderate |
Tramadol vs placebo Number of patients with PONV (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.54, 1.12] | 4 studies · 150 participants | Moderate |
Tramadol vs morphine Number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.83, 1.89] | 3 studies · 127 participants | Low |
Tramadol vs morphine Number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tramadol vs morphine Number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.65, 4.04] | 3 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Tramadol vs nalbuphine Number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.16, 2.45] | 2 studies · 110 participants | Very low |
Tramadol vs nalbuphine Number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) · children undergoing surgery Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR At least 50% of maximum pain relief over 4 to 6 h · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ibuprofen plus codeine for acute postoperative pain in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 4.1 [2.8, 5.9] | NR | High |
Intervention NR Participants with at least 1 adverse event · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ibuprofen plus codeine for acute postoperative pain in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.84, 1.7] | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Participants with a serious adverse event · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ibuprofen plus codeine for acute postoperative pain in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Deaths · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain Single dose oral ibuprofen plus codeine for acute postoperative pain in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain at 1 week Scale from: 0 to 10 · adult patients with cancer‐related pain Corticosteroids for the management of cancer‐related pain in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 315 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain free at 2 hours · Adults with episodic tension‐type headache Ibuprofen for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1052 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain free at 1 hour · Adults with episodic tension‐type headache Ibuprofen for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 711 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Global evaluation 'very good' or 'excellent' · Adults with episodic tension‐type headache Ibuprofen for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 739 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Use of rescue medication over 6 hours · Adults with episodic tension‐type headache Ibuprofen for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 589 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events · Adults with episodic tension‐type headache Ibuprofen for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1645 participants | High |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · Adults with episodic tension‐type headache Ibuprofen for acute treatment of episodic tension‐type headache in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR At least 50% of maximum pain relief over 4 to 6 h · Adults with acute pain Single dose oral ibuprofen plus caffeine for acute postoperative pain in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 5.5 [3.5, 8.7] | 4 studies · 334 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Participants remedicating within 8 hours · Adults with acute pain Single dose oral ibuprofen plus caffeine for acute postoperative pain in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.4, 0.6] | 3 studies · 293 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Participants with at least 1 adverse event · Adults with acute pain Single dose oral ibuprofen plus caffeine for acute postoperative pain in adults (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.9 [0.91, 3.8] | 4 studies · 336 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Participants with a serious adverse event · Adults with acute pain Single dose oral ibuprofen plus caffeine for acute postoperative pain in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 336 participants | Low |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo Headache frequency (number of days with headache) · patients with tension‐type headache Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 127 participants | Low |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs other antidepressants Headache duration (hours) · patients with tension‐type headache Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 152 participants | Low |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs other antidepressants Symptomatic/analgesic medication for acute headache attacks (doses/4 weeks) · patients with tension‐type headache Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 152 participants | Low |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs other antidepressants Headache index · patients with tension‐type headache Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 152 participants | Very low |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs other antidepressants Quality of life · patients with tension‐type headache Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs other antidepressants Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with tension‐type headache Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.04 [0.41, 2.6] | 4 studies · 257 participants | Low |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo Headache intensity (score) · patients with tension‐type headache Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |