Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

86 questions · 101 findings · 24 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 3 · 3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 70 · 69.3%Low 16 · 15.8%Moderate 6 · 5.9%High 6 · 5.9%

Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ short‐term · Adults with plantar heel pain¹

Local steroid injection showed no clear difference in heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ short‐term compared with placebo or no treatment control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ medium‐term · Adults with plantar heel pain¹

Local steroid injection showed no clear difference in heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ medium‐term compared with placebo or no treatment control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Function: medium‐term FFI (0 to 100: higher scores = worse function) FHSQ (0 to 100: higher scores = better function · Adults with plantar heel pain¹

It is very uncertain whether local steroid injection changes function: medium‐term FFI (0 to 100: higher scores = worse function)… compared with placebo or no treatment control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (long term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…
1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Kujala patellofemoral disorders score Scale from: 0 to 100 (higher scores = better function) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…
1 finding from 1 review

NMES vs exercise

Knee function (short term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation changes knee function (short term) Arpège function scale (0 to 18; higher… compared with exercise (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Shoulder function · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage changes shoulder function Constant score (0 to 100 points: higher = better) compared with arm sling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bioabsorbable vs metallic interference screws

Functional ability · Adults undergoing surgical reconstruction of a ruptured ACL1
3 findings from 1 review

Bioabsorbable vs metallic interference screws

Activity level: Tegner score ( 0 to 10; higher scores = greater activity) · Adults undergoing surgical reconstruction of a ruptured ACL1
2 findings from 1 review

Mosaicplasty vs microfracture

Function (all scores/instruments): intermediate term IKDC 2000 (version) score. Scale from: 0 to 100; higher scores = better function. · Adults with isolated cartilage defects (defect areas 1.0 cm2 to 6.0 cm2) of the knee

It is very uncertain whether mosaicplasty changes function (all scores/instruments): intermediate term IKDC 2000… compared with microfracture (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mosaicplasty vs microfracture

Function (all scores/instruments): long term Scale from: 0 to 100; higher scores = better function. · Adults with isolated cartilage defects (defect areas 1.0 cm2 to 6.0 cm2) of the knee

It is very uncertain whether mosaicplasty changes function (all scores/instruments): long term Scale from: 0 to 100;… compared with microfracture (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mosaicplasty vs microfracture

QoL · Adults with isolated cartilage defects (defect areas 1.0 cm2 to 6.0 cm2) of the knee

It is very uncertain whether mosaicplasty changes quality of life: long‐term KOOS QOL score. Scale 0 to 100; higher… compared with microfracture (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mosaicplasty vs microfracture

Pain North Americal Spine Society pain scores. Scale from: 0 to 100 (higher scores indicate less pain). · Adults with isolated cartilage defects (defect areas 1.0 cm2 to 6.0 cm2) of the knee

It is very uncertain whether mosaicplasty changes pain: long‐term KOOS Pain score. Scale 0 to 100; higher scores =… compared with microfracture (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

General health‐related quality of life: SF‐36 physical component score (range 0 to 100; higher score = better health state) at 2 years · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)
1 finding from 1 review