Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

229 questions · 612 findings · 24 reviews

No studies found 6 · 1%GRADE not reported 568 · 92.8%Very low 24 · 3.9%Low 10 · 1.6%Moderate 4 · 0.7%High 0 · 0%

Periodontitis vs Individuals without periodontal disease (by LOA)

Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · Adults in case-control studies of oral cancer; people assessed for periodontitis

Periodontitis is associated with roughly a threefold higher odds of oral cancer (pooled OR 2.94, 95% CI 2.13-4.07; low certainty of evidence), though heterogeneity is moderate (I2=52.4%).

1 finding from 1 review

Xylitol (low-intensity sweetener/sugar alcohol) in food products (chewing gum, milk, candy, or tablets) vs no intervention

Change in Mutans streptococci (MS) count in dental plaque · healthy people

Xylitol significantly reduced Mutans streptococci in dental plaque compared with no treatment (SMD -0.73, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.37; 5 trials, I2=53%; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

High-frequency sugar consumption (three or more times daily) vs Low sugar intake (fewer than three times daily)

Dental caries in permanent teeth · Nigerian individuals with permanent dentition (approximately 12 years and older)

In permanent dentition, high-frequency sugar consumption was associated with non-significant 15% higher odds of caries (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.52), with no heterogeneity (I2=0%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Xylitol (low-intensity sweetener/sugar alcohol) in food products (chewing gum, milk, candy, or tablets) vs Sorbitol (low-intensity sweetener)

Change in Mutans streptococci (MS) count in dental plaque · healthy people

Xylitol reduced Mutans streptococci in dental plaque more than sorbitol (SMD -0.45, 95% CI -0.69 to -0.21; 4 trials, I2=7%); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

High-frequency sugar consumption (three or more times daily) vs Low sugar intake (fewer than three times daily)

Dental caries prevalence · Nigerian individuals, including children and adults, with primary or permanent dentition

High-frequency sugar consumption was associated with 18% higher but non-significant odds of dental caries in Nigeria (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.59; I2=36%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Original development of CAMBRA (Caries Management by Risk Assessment) or CAT (Caries-risk Assessment Tool) multivariable models vs Not applicable

Model development with reported performance measures (per CHARMS) · Individuals of any age at risk of caries increment

No original CAMBRA or CAT model-development studies reporting performance measures according to CHARMS were found (evidence gap); these tools appeared only as validated models within other studies.

1 finding from 1 review

Multivariable caries prediction model vs Additional prediction model(s)

Coronal caries increment · Individuals of all ages

The review reported this model performance without meta-analysis.

168 findings from 1 review
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Edentulism (complete or partial missing teeth) vs Individuals without edentulism

Oral health-related quality of life · Indian elderly

One study found edentulism did not affect OHRQoL (dichotomous); ungraded.

3 findings from 1 review

Malocclusion vs No malocclusion

Oral health-related quality of life · Indian children, adolescents and adults

One GOHAI study found no significant difference in OHRQoL by malocclusion status; ungraded.

3 findings from 1 review

Bruxism vs No bruxism

Oral health-related quality of life · Indian children and adults

Two studies found bruxers have poorer OHRQoL than non-bruxers; narrative, ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Dental caries vs Caries-free controls

Oral health-related quality of life · Indians

In adolescents (10-19 years), dental caries was associated with poorer OHRQoL (pooled OR 3.92; 5 studies); ungraded.

5 findings from 1 review
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Multivariable caries prediction model vs Additional prediction model(s)

Root caries increment · Individuals of all ages

The review reported this model performance without meta-analysis.

22 findings from 1 review
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Multivariable caries prediction model vs Additional prediction model(s)

Coronal and/or root caries increment · Individuals of all ages

The review reported this model performance without meta-analysis.

2 findings from 1 review

Periodontal disease assessed by loss of attachment (LOA / clinical attachment loss) vs Individuals without periodontal disease (by LOA)

Oral health-related quality of life · Indian adults and elderly (general, police, teachers, institutionalised)

No difference in OHRQoL was seen between groups for periodontal disease by LOA on OHIP-14/OIDP (pooled SMD -0.04, CI includes 0); ungraded.

3 findings from 1 review

Periodontal disease assessed by Community Periodontal Index (CPI) vs Individuals without periodontal disease (by CPI)

Oral health-related quality of life · Indian adults and elderly (general, police, teachers, institutionalised)

Evidence on periodontal disease (CPI) and OHRQoL is inconsistent across studies (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Gingivitis (assessed by gingival index or WHO criteria) vs Individuals without gingivitis

Oral health-related quality of life · Indians

Continuous analyses (GOHAI, OHIP-14) of gingivitis and OHRQoL were inconsistent and mostly non-significant; ungraded.

2 findings from 1 review

Dental caries vs Caries-free controls

Oral health-related quality of life · Indian children aged 3-5 years

In children aged 3-5 years, early childhood caries was significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL (narrative; 3 studies); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

38% silver diamine fluoride vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC) plus fluoride varnish

Caries prevention (preventive fraction, SDF vs GIC+5% fluoride varnish) · intellectually disabled individuals with caries in permanent posterior teeth

SDF had a 45% preventative fraction versus glass ionomer cement plus fluoride varnish; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating was reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Prosthetic need vs Individuals without prosthetic need

Oral health-related quality of life · Indian elderly and general-population adults

Prosthetic need was significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL in both included studies (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Dental caries assessment (WHO/clinical diagnostic criteria; caries = DMFT>0) vs Caries-free status

CA VI activity · Children (age about 2-9 years) across the 7 meta-analyzed activity samples; excludes Kivela 1999 adults (18-24 years), qualitative only…

Salivary/biofilm CA VI activity is significantly higher in individuals with dental caries than in caries-free individuals (SMD 0.894, 95% CI 0.386 to 1.392; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review