It is very uncertain whether combination Chemotherapy + ART changes mortality compared with single Agent Chemotherapy + ART (very low certainty).
Combination leads to higher smoking cessation compared with single‐form nicotine replacement therapy (high certainty).
Combination showed no clear difference in overall serious adverse events compared with single‐form nicotine replacement therapy (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether combination changes treatment withdrawals compared with single‐form nicotine replacement therapy (very low certainty).
Combination probably leads to lower overall survival compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (moderate certainty).
Combination leads to higher tumour response compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (high certainty).
Combination probably leads to lower time to progression compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (moderate certainty).
Combination showed no clear difference in treatment‐related death compared with single‐agent chemotherapy (moderate certainty).
MTX combination showed no clear difference in ACR 50 response of DMARDs naive patients Number of responders compared with MTX monotherapy (low certainty).
MTX combination probably leads to higher ACR 50 response of MTX inadequate responders number of responders compared with MTX monotherapy (moderate certainty).
MTX combination showed no clear difference in ACR 50 response of non‐MTX DMARDs inadequate responders number of… compared with MTX monotherapy (moderate certainty).
MTX combination showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to lack of efficacy or toxicity of DMARDs naive… compared with MTX monotherapy (moderate certainty).
MTX combination showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to lack of efficacy or toxicity of MTX inadequate… compared with MTX monotherapy (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether MTX combination changes withdrawal due to lack of efficacy or toxicity of non‐MTX DMARDs… compared with MTX monotherapy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether MTX combination changes withdrawal due to adverse reactions (Pooled across regimens) number… compared with MTX monotherapy (very low certainty).
beta‐lactam monotherapy showed no clear difference in all cause mortality compared with beta‐lactam‐aminoglycoside combination therapy (high certainty).
beta‐lactam monotherapy leads to lower any nephrotoxicity ‐ Ag dosing regimen (Copy) compared with beta‐lactam‐aminoglycoside combination therapy (high certainty).
beta‐lactam monotherapy probably leads to higher treatment failure ‐ same beta‐lactam compared with beta‐lactam‐aminoglycoside combination therapy (moderate certainty).
beta‐lactam monotherapy may leads to lower treatment failure ‐ different beta‐lactam compared with beta‐lactam‐aminoglycoside combination therapy (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.