Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

208 questions · 211 findings · 15 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

No studies found 90 · 42.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 39 · 18.5%Low 56 · 26.5%Moderate 22 · 10.4%High 4 · 1.9%

Digital register vs usual care

Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age

Digital register showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age… compared with routine care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Wearable reminders vs usual care

Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age

Wearable reminders showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunisation outreach vs usual care

Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether immunisation outreach changes proportion of children who received DTP3/Penta 3 by 1 year of age compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age

Integration of immunisation with other health services may leads to higher proportion of children who received DTP3/Penta 3 by 1 year of age compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Anthropometric recovery: percentage of children who recover from moderate or severe wasting Defined as % children aged 6–59 months who recovered in treatment programmes for moderate or severe malnutrition (Wroe 2021) · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Treatment coverage Defined as proportion of children with SAM who receive treatment (number of children treated from baseline to endline; Wilunda 2021)e · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes treatment coverage Defined as proportion of children with SAM who… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ immunisation rates for patients aged 65 years or older · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

It is very uncertain whether pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods changes quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ immunisation rates for… compared with existing payment methods (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medication reconciliation interventions vs usual care

Hospital usage (composite measure of ED, rehospitalisation) · all patients (aged > 18 years) at a transition of care

It is very uncertain whether medication reconciliation interventions changes hospital usage (composite measure of ED, rehospitalisation) compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review