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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,518 questions in 135 reviews · Infectious Diseases
current versionsNo studies 135 · 8.9%Ungraded 150 · 9.9%Very low 350 · 23.1%Low 420 · 27.7%Moderate 321 · 21.1%High 142 · 9.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Severe ETEC diarrhoea · People travelling from non‐endemic settings Vaccines for preventing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhoea (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR All‐cause diarrhoea · People travelling from non‐endemic settings Vaccines for preventing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhoea (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.87, 1.24] | 1 study · 502 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events · People travelling from non‐endemic settings Vaccines for preventing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhoea (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 502 participants | Ungraded |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment Duration of diarrhoea (days) · patients symptomatic for NTS infection Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 202 participants | Low |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment Duration of fever (days) · patients symptomatic for NTS infection Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 107 participants | Very low |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment Duration of illness (days) · patients symptomatic for NTS infection Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 116 participants | Very low |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment Clinical treatment failure (Persistent or worsening symptoms at the end of treatment) · patients symptomatic for NTS infection Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.62, 1.25] | 7 studies · 440 participants | Very low |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment Presence of diarrhoea at 2‐4 days · patients symptomatic for NTS infection Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.75 [0.42, 7.21] | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment Presence of diarrhoea at 5‐7 days · patients symptomatic for NTS infection Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.62, 1.12] | 2 studies · 192 participants | Very low |
Antipyretic drugs vs no antipyretic drug or placebo FCT · patients with fever in malaria Antipyretic measures for treating fever in malaria (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 59 participants | Very low |
Antipyretic drugs vs no antipyretic drug or placebo PCT · patients with fever in malaria Antipyretic measures for treating fever in malaria (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 59 participants | Very low |
Antipyretic drugs vs no antipyretic drug or placebo Adverse Events · patients with fever in malaria Antipyretic measures for treating fever in malaria (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinical malaria · Children aged less than 5 years Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children living in areas with seasonal transmission (2012) · Cochrane | Rate Ratio 0.26 [0.17, 0.38] | 6 studies · 9321 participants | High |
Intervention NR Severe malaria · Children aged less than 5 years Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children living in areas with seasonal transmission (2012) · Cochrane | Rate Ratio 0.27 [0.1, 0.76] | 2 studies · 5964 participants | High |
Intervention NR Death from any cause · Children aged less than 5 years Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children living in areas with seasonal transmission (2012) · Cochrane | Risk Ratio 0.66 [0.31, 1.39] | 6 studies · 9533 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Moderately severe anaemia · Children aged less than 5 years Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children living in areas with seasonal transmission (2012) · Cochrane | Risk Ratio 0.71 [0.52, 0.98] | 5 studies · 8805 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Serious drug related adverse events · Children aged less than 5 years Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children living in areas with seasonal transmission (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 9533 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Non‐serious adverse events · Children aged less than 5 years Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children living in areas with seasonal transmission (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 9533 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Death · Children with severe malaria Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.65, 0.9] | 4 studies · 5765 participants | High |
Intervention NR Hypoglycaemia episodes · Adults with severe malaria Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.19, 0.68] | 2 studies · 1372 participants | High |
Intervention NR Neurological sequelae at day 28 · Children with severe malaria Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.74, 2.03] | 1 study · 4857 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Neurological sequelae at discharge · Children with severe malaria Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [1.01, 1.83] | 3 studies · 5163 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Time to hospital discharge (days) · Children with severe malaria Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 113 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Hypoglycaemia episodes · Children with severe malaria Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.45, 0.87] | 4 studies · 5765 participants | High |
Intervention NR Death · Adults with severe malaria Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.5, 0.75] | 5 studies · 1664 participants | High |
Intervention NR Neurological sequelae at day 28 · Adults with severe malaria Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Neurological sequelae at discharge · Adults with severe malaria Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria (2012) · Cochrane | RR 2.97 [0.6, 14.64] | 1 study · 1259 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Time to hospital discharge (days) · Adults with severe malaria Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 113 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Completion of treatment · People with latent tuberculosis Patient education and counselling for promoting adherence to treatment for tuberculosis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 923 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Incidence of active tuberculosis · People with latent tuberculosis Patient education and counselling for promoting adherence to treatment for tuberculosis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Doxycycline+Rifampicin vs Doxycycline+Streptomycin total treatment failure · patients with human Brucellosis Antibiotics for treating human brucellosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.91 [1.07, 3.42] | 7 studies · 567 participants | Moderate |
Doxycycline+Rifampicin vs Doxycycline+Streptomycin Minor adverse drug reactions · patients with human Brucellosis Antibiotics for treating human brucellosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.99, 1.92] | 5 studies · 473 participants | Low |
Doxycycline+Rifampicin vs Quinolones+Rifampicin total treatment failure · patients with human Brucellosis Antibiotics for treating human brucellosis (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.45, 1.98] | 3 studies · 181 participants | Moderate |
Doxycycline+Rifampicin vs Quinolones+Rifampicin Minor adverse drug reactions · patients with human Brucellosis Antibiotics for treating human brucellosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.8 [0.78, 4.18] | 4 studies · 296 participants | Low |
Doxycycline+Streptomycin vs Doxycycline+Gentamycin total treatment failure · patients with human Brucellosis Antibiotics for treating human brucellosis (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.85 [0.84, 4.08] | 2 studies · 345 participants | Low |
Doxycycline+Streptomycin vs Doxycycline+Gentamycin Minor adverse drug reactions · patients with human Brucellosis Antibiotics for treating human brucellosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.6, 1.22] | 2 studies · 345 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Parasitological cure ( · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.95, 1.03] | 10 studies · 932 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Parasitological cure ( · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.87, 1.73] | 3 studies · 179 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinical improvement ( · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [1, 1.32] | 3 studies · 179 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Gastrointestinal side effects ( · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.21, 1.62] | 3 studies · 179 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Neurological side effects ( · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.3 [0.29, 5.92] | 2 studies · 138 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 179 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Clinical improvement ( · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.93, 1.04] | 5 studies · 483 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Gastrointestinal side effects ( · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.13, 0.63] | 8 studies · 717 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Neurological side effects ( · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.18, 0.64] | 5 studies · 453 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Parasitological cure ( · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.32, 1.06] | 5 studies · 142 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinical improvement · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Side effects: nausea/vomiting · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.05, 1.9] | 3 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Side effects: headache · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.03, 2.06] | 2 studies · 74 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · People with giardiasis infection Drugs for treating giardiasis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 142 participants | Ungraded |