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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,518 questions in 135 reviews · Infectious Diseases
current versionsNo studies 135 · 8.9%Ungraded 150 · 9.9%Very low 350 · 23.1%Low 420 · 27.7%Moderate 321 · 21.1%High 142 · 9.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
WC‐rBS vaccine (Dukoral): two doses ± booster dose vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 16423 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): two doses vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54519 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): two doses vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 168540 participants | Moderate |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): two doses vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 241631 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): single dose vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults, male and female; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204700 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): single dose vs placebo Cases of severe dehydrating cholera ( · healthy children and adults, male and female; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204700 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): single dose vs placebo Cases of cholera ( · healthy children and adults, male and female; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204700 participants | High |
BivWC vaccine (Shanchol): single dose vs placebo Cases of severe dehydrating cholera ( · healthy children and adults, male and female; high risk population Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204700 participants | High |
Favipiravir vs no treatment, supportive treatment, or other antiviral treatment All‐cause mortality – at 28 to 30 days, or in‐hospital · people with confirmed COVID‐19 Favipiravir for treating COVID‐19 (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.49, 1.46] | 11 studies · 3459 participants | Very low |
Favipiravir vs no treatment, supportive treatment, or other antiviral treatment Progression to invasive mechanical ventilation · people with confirmed COVID‐19 Favipiravir for treating COVID‐19 (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.68, 1.09] | 8 studies · 1383 participants | Very low |
Favipiravir vs no treatment, supportive treatment, or other antiviral treatment Need for admission to hospital (if ambulatory) · people with confirmed COVID‐19 Favipiravir for treating COVID‐19 (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.44, 2.46] | 4 studies · 670 participants | Low |
Favipiravir vs no treatment, supportive treatment, or other antiviral treatment Time to clinical improvement (defined as time to a 2‐point reduction in patients’ admission status on WHO’s ordinal scale) · people with confirmed COVID‐19 Favipiravir for treating COVID‐19 (2024) · Cochrane | HR 1.13 [0.69, 1.83] | 4 studies · 721 participants | Very low |
Favipiravir vs no treatment, supportive treatment, or other antiviral treatment Progression to oxygen therapy · people with confirmed COVID‐19 Favipiravir for treating COVID‐19 (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.83, 1.75] | 2 studies · 543 participants | Low |
Favipiravir vs no treatment, supportive treatment, or other antiviral treatment All adverse events · people with confirmed COVID‐19 Favipiravir for treating COVID‐19 (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [1.05, 1.54] | 18 studies · 4699 participants | Low |
Favipiravir vs no treatment, supportive treatment, or other antiviral treatment Serious adverse events attributable to the drug · people with confirmed COVID‐19 Favipiravir for treating COVID‐19 (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.76, 1.42] | 12 studies · 3317 participants | Low |
wMel‐Wolbachia infected Aedes aegypti deployments vs no deployments Virologically confirmed dengue case incidence (any severity, any phenotype) · children and adults at risk of dengue infection Wolbachia ‐carrying Aedes mosquitoes for preventing dengue infection (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
wMel‐Wolbachia infected Aedes aegypti deployments vs no deployments Prevalence of DENV infection (any severity, any phenotype)a · children and adults at risk of dengue infection Wolbachia ‐carrying Aedes mosquitoes for preventing dengue infection (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.23 [0.15, 0.35] | 6306 participants | Moderate |
wMel‐Wolbachia infected Aedes aegypti deployments vs no deployments Prevalence of dengue RNA in the mosquito population · children and adults at risk of dengue infection Wolbachia ‐carrying Aedes mosquitoes for preventing dengue infection (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
wMel‐Wolbachia infected Aedes aegypti deployments vs no deployments Mosquito density (for population suppression strategy) · children and adults at risk of dengue infection Wolbachia ‐carrying Aedes mosquitoes for preventing dengue infection (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
wMel‐Wolbachia infected Aedes aegypti deployments vs no deployments Prevalence of Wolbachia‐carrying mosquitoes (for population replacement strategy) · children and adults at risk of dengue infection Wolbachia ‐carrying Aedes mosquitoes for preventing dengue infection (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
wMel‐Wolbachia infected Aedes aegypti deployments vs no deployments Adverse events potentially related to Wolbachia‐carrying Aedes deployments · children and adults at risk of dengue infection Wolbachia ‐carrying Aedes mosquitoes for preventing dengue infection (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cluster‐RCTs · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cluster‐RCTs · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Diarrhoea prevalence (Children < 5a) · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.69, 0.98] | 7 studies · 28909 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR NRCTs · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cluster‐RCTs · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Diarrhoea prevalence (All ages) · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.76, 0.95] | 17 studies · 83938 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Diarrhoea prevalence (Children < 5) · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.77, 0.97] | 14 studies · 60024 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Non‐randomized studies** · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Diarrhoea prevalence (All ages) · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.73, 1.08] | 7 studies · 40129 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Diarrhoea prevalence (Children < 5) · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.83, 1.16] | 4 studies · 16215 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Non‐randomized studies** · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cluster‐RCTs · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Diarrhoea prevalence (Children < 5a) · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.69, 1.06] | 3 studies · 14900 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Non‐randomized studies** · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Diarrhoea prevalence (All ages) · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.5, 0.74] | 23 studies · 117639 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Diarrhoea prevalence (Children < 5) · adults and children Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.43, 0.96] | 9 studies · 8453 participants | Very low |
Balanced crystalloid solutions vs 0.9% saline Time in hospital(days) · children with severe dehydration due to diarrhoea Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Balanced crystalloid solutions vs 0.9% saline Mortality (during hospitalization) · children with severe dehydration due to diarrhoea Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.02, 7.39] | NR | Very low |
Balanced crystalloid solutions vs 0.9% saline Need for additional fluids · children with severe dehydration due to diarrhoea Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.26, 1.72] | NR | Low |
Balanced crystalloid solutions vs 0.9% saline Total amount of fluids received · children with severe dehydration due to diarrhoea Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Balanced crystalloid solutions vs 0.9% saline Final pH after correction (corrected pH) · children with severe dehydration due to diarrhoea Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Balanced crystalloid solutions vs 0.9% saline Final bicarbonate level after correction · children with severe dehydration due to diarrhoea Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Balanced crystalloid solutions vs 0.9% saline Adverse events: hyponatraemia · children with severe dehydration due to diarrhoea Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [0.96, 2.07] | NR | Low |
Balanced crystalloid solutions vs 0.9% saline Adverse events: hypokalaemia · children with severe dehydration due to diarrhoea Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.31, 0.96] | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at day 28 · unvaccinated, non‐hospitalized people with mild symptomatic COVID‐19 (WHO scale 2 to 3) at high risk for progression… Nirmatrelvir combined with ritonavir for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.04 [0, 0.68] | 1 study · 2224 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Discontinuation of study drug due to adverse events · unvaccinated, non‐hospitalized people with mild symptomatic COVID‐19 (WHO scale 2 to 3) at high risk for progression… Nirmatrelvir combined with ritonavir for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.3, 0.8] | 1 study · 2224 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Viral clearance at 14 days · unvaccinated, non‐hospitalized people with mild symptomatic COVID‐19 (WHO scale 2 to 3) at high risk for progression… Nirmatrelvir combined with ritonavir for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at day 28 · hospitalized people with mild to moderate symptomatic COVID‐19 (WHO scale 2 to 4) with severe comorbidities Nirmatrelvir combined with ritonavir for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.21, 1.86] | 1 study · 264 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Participants with new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death · hospitalized people with mild to moderate symptomatic COVID‐19 (WHO scale 2 to 4) with severe comorbidities Nirmatrelvir combined with ritonavir for preventing and treating COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |