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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Day‐surgery vs overnight stay surgery Quality of life · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Day‐surgery versus overnight stay surgery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 333 participants | Very low |
Day‐surgery vs overnight stay surgery Pain · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Day‐surgery versus overnight stay surgery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 175 participants | Very low |
Day‐surgery vs overnight stay surgery Time to return to activity · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Day‐surgery versus overnight stay surgery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 217 participants | Very low |
Day‐surgery vs overnight stay surgery Number of hospital readmissions · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Day‐surgery versus overnight stay surgery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.25 [0.43, 3.63] | 5 studies · 464 participants | Very low |
Day‐surgery vs overnight stay surgery Failed discharge · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Day‐surgery versus overnight stay surgery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.65, 1.41] | 5 studies · 419 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Peg interferon vs.control · Participants with recurrent liver graft infection with hepatitis C virus. Antiviral interventions for liver transplant patients with recurrent graft infection due to hepatitis C virus (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.05, 5.09] | 1 study · 65 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Peg interferon plus ribavirin vs.control · Participants with recurrent liver graft infection with hepatitis C virus. Antiviral interventions for liver transplant patients with recurrent graft infection due to hepatitis C virus (2013) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 70.53] | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Ribavirin plus peg interferon vs.peg interferon · Participants with recurrent liver graft infection with hepatitis C virus. Antiviral interventions for liver transplant patients with recurrent graft infection due to hepatitis C virus (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.2] | 2 studies · 98 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Interferon vs.control · Participants with recurrent liver graft infection with hepatitis C virus. Antiviral interventions for liver transplant patients with recurrent graft infection due to hepatitis C virus (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.08, 33.75] | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Interferon plus ribavirin vs.control · Participants with recurrent liver graft infection with hepatitis C virus. Antiviral interventions for liver transplant patients with recurrent graft infection due to hepatitis C virus (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.01, 6.74] | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Ribavirin vs.interferon · Participants with recurrent liver graft infection with hepatitis C virus. Antiviral interventions for liver transplant patients with recurrent graft infection due to hepatitis C virus (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Ribavirin vs.placebo · Participants with recurrent liver graft infection with hepatitis C virus. Antiviral interventions for liver transplant patients with recurrent graft infection due to hepatitis C virus (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Retransplantation after start of therapy ‐ ribavirin vs.placebo · Participants with recurrent liver graft infection with hepatitis C virus. Antiviral interventions for liver transplant patients with recurrent graft infection due to hepatitis C virus (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Retransplantation after start of therapy ‐ interferon vs.control · Participants with recurrent liver graft infection with hepatitis C virus. Antiviral interventions for liver transplant patients with recurrent graft infection due to hepatitis C virus (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.08, 33.75] | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs standard port laparoscopic cholecystectomy Serious adverse events · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Miniports versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.08] | 8 studies · 460 participants | Very low |
Miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs standard port laparoscopic cholecystectomy Quality of life · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Miniports versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 69 participants | Low |
Miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs standard port laparoscopic cholecystectomy Conversion to open cholecystectomy · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Miniports versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.44, 3.45] | 11 studies · 670 participants | Very low |
Miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs standard port laparoscopic cholecystectomy Operating time · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Miniports versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 695 participants | Very low |
Miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs standard port laparoscopic cholecystectomy Hospital stay · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Miniports versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 351 participants | Low |
Miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs standard port laparoscopic cholecystectomy Return to activity · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Miniports versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Low |
Miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs standard port laparoscopic cholecystectomy Return to work · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Miniports versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 187 participants | Low |
Miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs standard port laparoscopic cholecystectomy Cosmesis · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Miniports versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 152 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Mortality · high‐risk surgical patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. Percutaneous cholecystostomy for high‐risk surgical patients with acute calculous cholecystitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.3 [0.01, 7.08] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Serious adverse events · high‐risk surgical patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. Percutaneous cholecystostomy for high‐risk surgical patients with acute calculous cholecystitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.04, 4.7] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Mortality · participants with biliary colic. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated biliary colic (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.02, 9.03] | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Serious adverse events · participants with biliary colic. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated biliary colic (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.07 [0, 1.23] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Conversion to open cholecystectomy · participants with biliary colic. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated biliary colic (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.1 [0.01, 1.63] | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Hospital stay (days) · participants with biliary colic. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated biliary colic (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Operating time (minutes) · participants with biliary colic. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated biliary colic (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.67, 1.42] | 14 studies · 1391 participants | Very low |
Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality or liver transplantation · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.74, 1.25] | 15 studies · 1419 participants | Very low |
Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo or no intervention Serious adverse events · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.68, 1.12] | 14 studies · 1382 participants | Very low |
Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo or no intervention Non‐serious adverse events · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [0.83, 2.56] | 12 studies · 1277 participants | Very low |
Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo or no intervention Pruritus · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.84, 1.09] | 6 studies · 630 participants | Low |
Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo or no intervention Serum bilirubin (µmol/l) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 881 participants | Low |
Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo or no intervention Liver biopsy findings (worsening of histological stage) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.44, 0.88] | 7 studies · 551 participants | Very low |
Recombinant human factor VII activated vs placebo Mortality within 5 days · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and liver diseases. Human recombinant activated factor VII for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver diseases (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.36, 2.5] | 2 studies · 493 participants | Moderate |
Recombinant human factor VII activated vs placebo Mortality within 42 days · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and liver diseases. Human recombinant activated factor VII for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver diseases (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.55, 1.87] | 2 studies · 491 participants | Moderate |
Recombinant human factor VII activated vs placebo Adverse events (overall incidence) · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and liver diseases. Human recombinant activated factor VII for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver diseases (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.84, 1.04] | 2 studies · 507 participants | High |
Recombinant human factor VII activated vs placebo Serious adverse events by total adverse events · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and liver diseases. Human recombinant activated factor VII for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver diseases (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.73, 1.09] | 2 studies · 1043 participants | High |
Recombinant human factor VII activated vs placebo Thromboembolic events by patients · patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and liver diseases. Human recombinant activated factor VII for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver diseases (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.4, 1.6] | 2 studies · 507 participants | Moderate |
Pre‐operative biliary drainage vs direct surgery Mortality · patients with obstructive jaundice. Pre‐operative biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.73, 1.71] | 6 studies · 520 participants | Very low |
Pre‐operative biliary drainage vs direct surgery Morbidity ICH‐GCP classification · patients with obstructive jaundice. Pre‐operative biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice (2012) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.66 [1.28, 2.16] | 6 studies · 503 participants | Very low |
Robotic assistant vs human assistant Conversion to open cholecystectomy · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Robot assistant versus human or another robot assistant in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.25, 3.2] | 2 studies · 133 participants | Very low |
Robotic assistant vs human assistant Operating time · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Robot assistant versus human or another robot assistant in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 324 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events ‐ Haemodilution versus control. · patients with liver resection. Cardiopulmonary interventions to decrease blood loss and blood transfusion requirements for liver resection (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number requiring allogeneic blood transfusion ‐ Low central venous pressure (CVP) versus control. · patients with liver resection. Cardiopulmonary interventions to decrease blood loss and blood transfusion requirements for liver resection (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.42, 1.03] | 3 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Number requiring allogeneic blood transfusion ‐ Haemodilution versus control. · patients with liver resection. Cardiopulmonary interventions to decrease blood loss and blood transfusion requirements for liver resection (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.25, 0.66] | 3 studies · 233 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Red cell transfusion ‐ Low CVP versus control. · patients with liver resection. Cardiopulmonary interventions to decrease blood loss and blood transfusion requirements for liver resection (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 135 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Red cell transfusion ‐ Haemodilution versus control. · patients with liver resection. Cardiopulmonary interventions to decrease blood loss and blood transfusion requirements for liver resection (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 180 participants | Very low |