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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

625 questions · 647 findings · 67 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 83 · 12.8%GRADE not reported 70 · 10.8%Very low 141 · 21.8%Low 227 · 35.1%Moderate 97 · 15%High 29 · 4.5%

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo

Puerperal sepsis/postpartum endometritis · women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy before labour and delivery

Prophylactic antibiotics probably leads to lower puerperal sepsis/postpartum endometritis compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus Diphtheria acelluar Pertussis vaccine vs saline placebo

Injection site reactions ‐ induration ‐ swelling · patients with local and systemic reactions

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus… showed no clear difference in injection site reactions ‐ induration ‐ swelling compared with saline placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus Diphtheria acelluar Pertussis vaccine vs saline placebo

Systemic reactions ‐ fever (oral temperature ≥ 38°C) · patients with local and systemic reactions

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus… showed no clear difference in systemic reactions ‐ fever (oral temperature ≥ 38°C) compared with saline placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus Diphtheria acelluar Pertussis vaccine vs saline placebo

Systemic reactions ‐ headache · patients with local and systemic reactions

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus… showed no clear difference in systemic reactions ‐ headache compared with saline placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus Diphtheria acelluar Pertussis vaccine vs saline placebo

Systemic reactions ‐ malaise · patients with local and systemic reactions

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus… showed no clear difference in systemic reactions ‐ malaise compared with saline placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus Diphtheria acelluar Pertussis vaccine vs saline placebo

Systemic reactions ‐ myalgia · patients with local and systemic reactions

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus… showed no clear difference in systemic reactions ‐ myalgia compared with saline placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus Diphtheria acelluar Pertussis vaccine vs saline placebo

Injection site pain · patients with local and systemic reactions

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus… probably leads to higher injection site reactions ‐ pain at injection site compared with saline placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus Diphtheria acelluar Pertussis vaccine vs saline placebo

Injection site reactions ‐ erythema ‐ redness · patients with local and systemic reactions

Local and systemic reactions after administration of Tetanus… showed no clear difference in injection site reactions ‐ erythema ‐ redness compared with saline placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo, no placebo or other supplements

Stillbirth · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…

Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in stillbirth compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo, no placebo or other supplements

Preterm birth · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…

Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo, no placebo or other supplements

Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…

Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in clinical pre‐eclampsia (random‐effects model) compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo, no placebo or other supplements

Intrauterine growth restriction · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…

Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in intrauterine growth restriction (various definitions) compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo, no placebo or other supplements

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…

Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in prelabour rupture of fetal membranes ‐ preterm compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo, no placebo or other supplements

Bleeding episodes (placental abruption) · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…

Any vitamin E supplementation leads to lower bleeding episodes (placental abruption) compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review