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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Failure of sustained virological response Absence of clearance of HCV RNA from the blood 6 months after treatment · patients with chronic hepatitis C Aminoadamantanes for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.95, 1.02] | 35 studies · 5582 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Quality of life Different QoL scales · patients with chronic hepatitis C Aminoadamantanes for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1181 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure of normalisation of ALT at end of treatment · patients with chronic hepatitis C Aminoadamantanes for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.83, 0.94] | 19 studies · 2241 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure of normalisation of ALT at end of · patients with chronic hepatitis C Aminoadamantanes for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.91, 1] | 21 studies · 3744 participants | Low |
T‐cell antibody induction vs corticosteroid induction Mortality Mortality at latest · liver transplant recipients. Antibody induction versus corticosteroid induction for liver transplant recipients (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.72, 1.43] | 10 studies · 1589 participants | Low |
T‐cell antibody induction vs corticosteroid induction Graft loss Graft loss (including death with a functioning graft) at latest · liver transplant recipients. Antibody induction versus corticosteroid induction for liver transplant recipients (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.82, 1.53] | 10 studies · 1589 participants | Low |
T‐cell antibody induction vs corticosteroid induction Acute rejection Number of participants who experienced at least 1 episode of rejection · liver transplant recipients. Antibody induction versus corticosteroid induction for liver transplant recipients (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.7, 1] | 10 studies · 1589 participants | Low |
T‐cell antibody induction vs corticosteroid induction Infection Number of participants who experienced at least 1 episode of infection · liver transplant recipients. Antibody induction versus corticosteroid induction for liver transplant recipients (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.71, 1.08] | 5 studies · 1164 participants | Low |
T‐cell antibody induction vs corticosteroid induction Cytomegalovirus infection Number of participants who experienced at least 1 episode of CMV infection · liver transplant recipients. Antibody induction versus corticosteroid induction for liver transplant recipients (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.33, 0.75] | 5 studies · 1164 participants | Low |
T‐cell antibody induction vs corticosteroid induction Hepatitis C recurrence Number of participants diagnosed with hepatitis C virus recurrence · liver transplant recipients. Antibody induction versus corticosteroid induction for liver transplant recipients (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.79, 1] | 6 studies · 522 participants | Low |
T‐cell antibody induction vs corticosteroid induction Malignancy Number of participants diagnosed with a malignancy · liver transplant recipients. Antibody induction versus corticosteroid induction for liver transplant recipients (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.13, 2.73] | 6 studies · 1210 participants | Low |
T‐cell antibody induction vs corticosteroid induction Diabetes mellitus Number of participants with new‐onset diabetes mellitus · liver transplant recipients. Antibody induction versus corticosteroid induction for liver transplant recipients (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.34, 0.6] | 10 studies · 1579 participants | Low |
T‐cell antibody induction vs placebo/no intervention Mortality Mortality at latest · liver transplant recipients Antibody induction versus placebo, no induction, or another type of antibody induction for liver transplant… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 | 16 studies · 1853 participants | Low |
T‐cell antibody induction vs placebo/no intervention Graft loss including death Graft loss including death at latest · liver transplant recipients Antibody induction versus placebo, no induction, or another type of antibody induction for liver transplant… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 | 14 studies · 1749 participants | Low |
T‐cell antibody induction vs placebo/no intervention Acute rejection Number of participants who experienced at least 1 episode with acute rejection at latest · liver transplant recipients Antibody induction versus placebo, no induction, or another type of antibody induction for liver transplant… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 | 16 studies · 1918 participants | Moderate |
Supplementary box model training vs standard training Mortality · surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 168 participants | Very low |
Supplementary box model training vs standard training Morbidity · surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 168 participants | Very low |
Supplementary box model training vs standard training Operating time · surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Supplementary box model training vs standard training Proportion with day surgery · surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Supplementary box model training vs standard training Operating performance · surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 249 participants | Very low |
Box model training vs no training or standard surgical training Time taken for task completion (seconds) · trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience. Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 229 participants | Very low |
Box model training vs no training or standard surgical training Error score · trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience. Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 69 participants | Very low |
Box model training vs no training or standard surgical training Accuracy score · trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience. Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 73 participants | Very low |
Box model training vs no training or standard surgical training Composite score · trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience. Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with no prior laparoscopic experience (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 321 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality or liver‐related morbidity · patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aminoadamantanes versus other antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0, 248.89] | 4 studies · 427 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aminoadamantanes versus other antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.27, 1.16] | 4 studies · 427 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure of sustained virological response Absence of clearance of HCV RNA from the blood 6 months after treatment · patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aminoadamantanes versus other antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [1.07, 1.22] | 4 studies · 427 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure of end of treatment virological response Absence of clearance of HCV RNA from the blood at end of treatment · patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aminoadamantanes versus other antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [1.05, 1.36] | 3 studies · 309 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure of normalisation of ALT at end of treatment · patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aminoadamantanes versus other antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.02 [1.07, 3.82] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure of normalisation of ALT at end of · patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aminoadamantanes versus other antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [1.05, 1.63] | 2 studies · 92 participants | Very low |
Hepatic resection vs radiofrequency ablation Overall survival · 578 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 578 participants | Moderate |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation Local progression · 1088 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 678 participants | Moderate |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation Rate of complications · 1088 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1088 participants | Moderate |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation Length of hospital stay · 1088 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 576 participants | Moderate |
Hepatic resection vs radiofrequency ablation 2‐year survival‐ · 578 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 578 participants | Moderate |
Hepatic resection vs radiofrequency ablation Event‐free survival · 578 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 578 participants | Moderate |
Hepatic resection vs radiofrequency ablation Local progression · 578 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 168 participants | Low |
Hepatic resection vs radiofrequency ablation Rate of complications · 578 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 578 participants | High |
Hepatic resection vs radiofrequency ablation Length of hospital stay (days) · 578 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 578 participants | High |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation Overall survival · 1088 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1088 participants | Moderate |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation 2‐year survival · 1088 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 715 participants | Moderate |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation Event‐free survival · 1088 patients with early HCC Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 949 participants | Moderate |
Open surgery vs ERCP Mortality · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 733 participants | Moderate |
LC + LCBDE vs LC + post‐operative ERCP Total morbidity · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.16 [0.5, 2.72] | 2 studies · 166 participants | Moderate |
LC + LCBDE vs LC + post‐operative ERCP Failure of procedure · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.47 [0.21, 1.06] | 2 studies · 166 participants | Moderate |
LC + LCBDE vs LC + post‐operative ERCP Retained stones after primary intervention · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.28 [0.11, 0.72] | 2 studies · 166 participants | Moderate |
LC + LCBDE vs LC + post‐operative ERCP Conversion to open surgery · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.77 [0.23, 13.81] | 2 studies · 166 participants | Moderate |
Open surgery vs ERCP Total morbidity · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.12 [0.77, 1.62] | 8 studies · 729 participants | Moderate |
Open surgery vs ERCP Failure of procedure · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.21, 0.48] | 7 studies · 943 participants | Moderate |
Open surgery vs ERCP Retained stones after primary intervention · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.36 [0.23, 0.57] | 7 studies · 943 participants | Moderate |