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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut

current versions

No studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Biofeedback vs relaxation training Anxiety · people with irritable bowel syndrome Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 10 participants	Very low
Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs standard therapy Abdominal pain (Pain) · people with irritable bowel syndrome Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 20 participants	Very low
Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs sham biofeedback plus standard therapy Clinical response (adequate improvement or remission) · people with irritable bowel syndrome Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2019) · Cochrane	RR 2.33 [1.13, 4.8]	1 study · 20 participants	Very low
Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs sham biofeedback plus standard therapy Quality of life (QoL) · people with irritable bowel syndrome Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs sham biofeedback plus standard therapy Adverse events (AE) · people with irritable bowel syndrome Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs sham biofeedback plus standard therapy Serious adverse events (SAE) · people with irritable bowel syndrome Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Antidepressants vs placebo Anxiety at 12 weeks · participants with active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 44 participants	Low
Antidepressants vs placebo Anxiety at 12 months · participants with active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 26 participants	Low
Antidepressants vs placebo Depression at 12 weeks · participants with active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 44 participants	Low
Antidepressants vs placebo Depression at 12 months · participants with active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 26 participants	Low
Antidepressants vs placebo Adverse events at 12 months · participants with active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 2.29 [0.78, 6.73]	1 study · 26 participants	Low
Antidepressants vs placebo Quality of life · participants with active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 70 participants	Low
Antidepressants vs placebo Pain · participants with active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Antidepressants vs placebo Maintenance of remission at 12 months · participants with active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.96 [0.55, 1.69]	1 study · 26 participants	Low
Antidepressants vs placebo Endoscopic relapse at 12 months · participants with active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.14 [0.01, 2.65]	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Any previous surgery vs no previous surgery Infertilty at 12 months · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	RR 5.45 [0.41, 72.57]	NR	Very low
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Infertilty at 12 months · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.7 [0.38, 1.27]	1 study · 19 participants	Very low
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Infertility at 24 months · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Miscarriage · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Stillbirth · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Use of ART · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Caesarean section · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Preterm delivery · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Low birth weight · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Small for gestational age · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Any previous surgery vs no previous surgery Infertility at 24 months · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	RR 3.59 [1.32, 9.73]	NR	Very low
Any previous surgery vs no previous surgery Miscarriage · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	OR 2.03 [1.14, 3.6]	NR	Very low
Any previous surgery vs no previous surgery Stillbirth · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.96 [0.42, 9.18]	NR	Very low
Any previous surgery vs no previous surgery Use of ART · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	RR 25.09 [1.56, 403.76]	NR	Very low
Any previous surgery vs no previous surgery Caesarean section · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	RR 2.23 [1, 4.95]	NR	Very low
Any previous surgery vs no previous surgery Preterm delivery · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.91 [0.67, 5.48]	NR	Very low
Any previous surgery vs no previous surgery Low birth weight · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.61 [0.08, 4.83]	NR	Very low
Any previous surgery vs no previous surgery Small for gestational age · females with inflammatory bowel disease The impact of surgical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease on female fertility (2019) · Cochrane	RR 2.54 [0.8, 8.01]	NR	Very low
Antibiotic vs placebo Failure to enter clinical remission · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.86 [0.76, 0.98]	7 studies · 773 participants	High
Antibiotic with anti‐TNF vs placebo with anti‐TNF Failure to achieve clinical response or remission · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.57 [0.29, 1.1]	2 studies · 100 participants	Low
Antibiotic with anti‐TNF vs placebo with anti‐TNF Failure to maintain endoscopic remission · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Antibiotic with anti‐TNF vs placebo with anti‐TNF Adverse events · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.93 [0.76, 1.12]	2 studies · 100 participants	Moderate
Antibiotic with anti‐TNF vs placebo with anti‐TNF Serious adverse events · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Antibiotic with anti‐TNF vs placebo with anti‐TNF Withdrawal due to adverse events · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.82 [0.19, 3.45]	2 studies · 100 participants	Low
Antibiotic vs placebo Failure to maintain clinical remission · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.87 [0.52, 1.47]	2 studies · 155 participants	Low
Antibiotic vs placebo Failure to achieve clinical response · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.77 [0.64, 0.93]	5 studies · 617 participants	Moderate
Antibiotic vs placebo Failure to maintain endoscopic remission · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Antibiotic vs placebo Adverse events · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.87 [0.75, 1.02]	9 studies · 852 participants	High
Antibiotic vs placebo Serious adverse events · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.7 [0.29, 10.01]	3 studies · 520 participants	Low
Antibiotic vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.86 [0.57, 1.29]	9 studies · 858 participants	Low
Antibiotic with anti‐TNF vs placebo with anti‐TNF Failure to enter clinical remission · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Antibiotic with anti‐TNF vs placebo with anti‐TNF Failure to maintain clinical remission · Participants with active CD Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Ustekinumab vs placebo Failure to maintain clinical remission · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.8 [0.63, 1.02]	1 study · 145 participants	Moderate
Briakinumab vs placebo Adverse events · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.02 [0.67, 1.55]	1 study · 104 participants	Low
Briakinumab vs placebo Serious adverse events · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.31 [0.03, 3.21]	1 study · 104 participants	Low