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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,518 questions in 135 reviews · Infectious Diseases
current versionsNo studies 135 · 8.9%Ungraded 150 · 9.9%Very low 350 · 23.1%Low 420 · 27.7%Moderate 321 · 21.1%High 142 · 9.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Incentive‐based programmes vs no intervention HIV prevalence · adolescents School‐based interventions for preventing HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.51, 2.96] | 2 studies · 3805 participants | Low |
Incentive‐based programmes vs no intervention HSV2 prevalence · adolescents School‐based interventions for preventing HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 7229 participants | Very low |
Incentive‐based programmes vs no intervention Syphillis prevalence · adolescents School‐based interventions for preventing HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.05, 3.27] | 1 study · 1291 participants | Very low |
Incentive‐based programmes vs no intervention Pregnant at end of trial · adolescents School‐based interventions for preventing HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.58, 0.99] | 2 studies · 4200 participants | Low |
Combined incentive‐based and educational interventions vs no intervention HIV prevalence · adolescents School‐based interventions for preventing HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.53 [0.45, 5.13] | 1 study · 2506 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Viral load · HIV‐positive people Antihelminthics in helminth‐endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 166 participants | Low |
Intervention NR CD4+ cell count · HIV‐positive people Antihelminthics in helminth‐endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 917 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Viral load · HIV‐positive people with proven helminth infection Antihelminthics in helminth‐endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 445 participants | Low |
Intervention NR CD4+ cell count · HIV‐positive people with proven helminth infection Antihelminthics in helminth‐endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 358 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Iron deficiency (serum ferritin) · HIV‐positive people Antihelminthics in helminth‐endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Anaemia (serum haemoglobin) · HIV‐positive people Antihelminthics in helminth‐endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 130 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality · HIV‐positive people Antihelminthics in helminth‐endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.52, 1.14] | 5 studies · 1627 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events · HIV‐positive people Antihelminthics in helminth‐endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.53, 2.83] | 7 studies · 1649 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Total stool output during first 24 hours · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Unscheduled use of intravenous fluid in those with Cholera · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.66, 1.34] | 7 studies · 535 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Vomiting · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.72, 1.14] | 10 studies · 584 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Hyponatraemia · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.82 [0.52, 6.44] | 4 studies · 385 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Hypokalaemia · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.74, 2.25] | 2 studies · 260 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Development of persistent diarrhoea · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.68, 2.41] | 2 studies · 885 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Duration of diarrhoea · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 364 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Unscheduled use of intravenous fluid · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.43, 1.02] | 4 studies · 376 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Vomiting · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.24, 1.34] | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Hyponatraemia · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.43, 1.82] | 3 studies · 145 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Total stool output during first 24 hours · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 1483 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Duration of diarrhoea · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 1187 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Unscheduled use of intravenous fluid · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.57, 0.98] | 19 studies · 1877 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Unscheduled use of intravenous fluid in those with mixed pathogen · adults and children with acute watery diarrhoea Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.49, 0.96] | 11 studies · 928 participants | Low |
Oral iron vs placebo or no treatment Subgroup · children in malaria‐endemic areas Oral iron supplements for children in malaria‐endemic areas (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral iron with antimalarial prophylaxis vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · children with or without anaemia at baseline Oral iron supplements for children in malaria‐endemic areas (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.52, 2.11] | 728 participants | Low |
Oral iron vs placebo or no treatment Clinical malaria · children in malaria‐endemic areas Oral iron supplements for children in malaria‐endemic areas (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.87, 1] | 14 studies · 7168 participants | High |
Oral iron vs placebo or no treatment Clinical malaria Subgrouped by population anaemia (trial level) · children in malaria‐endemic areas Oral iron supplements for children in malaria‐endemic areas (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.84, 1] | 14 studies · 7168 participants | Moderate |
Oral iron vs placebo or no treatment Severe malaria Defined as clinical malaria with high‐grade parasitaemia or requiring admission · children in malaria‐endemic areas Oral iron supplements for children in malaria‐endemic areas (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.81, 0.98] | 6 studies · 3421 participants | High |
Oral iron vs placebo or no treatment Death · children in malaria‐endemic areas Oral iron supplements for children in malaria‐endemic areas (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 7576 participants | Low |
Oral iron vs placebo or no treatment Hospitalization plus clinic visits · children in malaria‐endemic areas Oral iron supplements for children in malaria‐endemic areas (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.95, 1.04] | 6 studies · 12578 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Subgroup · children in malaria‐endemic areas Oral iron supplements for children in malaria‐endemic areas (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinical malaria Subgrouped by presence of malaria prevention or management services · children in malaria‐endemic areas Oral iron supplements for children in malaria‐endemic areas (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.84, 0.97] | 7 studies · 5586 participants | Low |
Oral iron with antimalarial prophylaxis vs placebo or no treatment Clinical malaria · children with or without anaemia at baseline Oral iron supplements for children in malaria‐endemic areas (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.43, 0.67] | 728 participants | High |
Intervention NR Cure overall negative parasitological test · patients with treating strongyloides infection Ivermectin versus albendazole or thiabendazole for Strongyloides stercoralis infection (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.79 [1.55, 2.08] | 4 studies · 478 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events report of adverse events · patients with treating strongyloides infection Ivermectin versus albendazole or thiabendazole for Strongyloides stercoralis infection (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.59, 1.09] | 4 studies · 518 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cure overall negative parasitological test · patients with treating strongyloides infection Ivermectin versus albendazole or thiabendazole for Strongyloides stercoralis infection (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.96, 1.2] | 3 studies · 467 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events report of adverse events · patients with treating strongyloides infection Ivermectin versus albendazole or thiabendazole for Strongyloides stercoralis infection (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.2, 0.5] | 3 studies · 507 participants | Moderate |
Vitamin D vs control All‐cause mortality · children under five years of age Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3046 participants | Low |
Vitamin D vs control Cause‐specific mortality · children under five years of age Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3046 participants | Low |
Vitamin D vs control Incidence rate radiologically confirmed first or only episode of pneumonia · children under five years of age Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 3134 participants | Moderate |
Vitamin D vs control Any hospital admission · children under five years of age Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 88 participants | Very low |
Vitamin D vs control TB cases · children under five years of age Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D vs control Diarrhoea cases · children under five years of age Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 7 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D vs control Malaria cases · children under five years of age Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D vs control Febrile illness · children under five years of age Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin D vs control Mean serum vitamin D concentrations · children under five years of age Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 266 participants | Low |