Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

864 questions · 895 findings · 140 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 202 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 53 · 5.9%Very low 227 · 25.4%Low 254 · 28.4%Moderate 131 · 14.6%High 28 · 3.1%

Lithium vs ECT

Efficacy: response (continuous) MRS mean change from baseline to end of study · acute mania

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium for acute mania 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Low

Lithium vs all antimanic agents

Efficacy: response (continuous) YMRS/BPRS change from baseline to end of study · acute mania

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium for acute mania 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
19 studies · 2410 participants
Low

Lithium vs valproate

Efficacy: response (continuous) Change in YMRS (ITT‐LOCF) from baseline to end of study · acute mania

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium for acute mania 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 398 participants
Very low

Physical therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Functional ability · people with stroke and urinary incontinence

Physical therapy interventions probably leads to higher functional ability: mean Barthel score (continuous variables) compared with usual care or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 8.97 [1.27, 16.68]
81 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo

Change in quality of life (continuous measure) · patients with restless legs syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Iron for the treatment of restless legs syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 128 participants
Very low

Motivational interviewing/mindfulness and cognitive skills vs relaxation training

Drug abuse Self reported use of marijuana · drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 181 participants
Moderate

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Nausea · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid probably leads to lower risk of PON, defined as the presence of subjective nausea, reported… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental perioperative intravenous crystalloids for postoperative nausea and vomiting 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.62 [0.51, 0.75]
18 studies · 1766 participants
Moderate

Combined oral contraceptive pill vs any other medical treatment

Self‐reported pain (dysmenorrhoea) at the end of treatment (continuous data): dysmenorrhoea at 6 months' · women with endometriosis

2 findings from 1 review

Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Very low
Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Observer‐based SDM measures · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
424 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (PROM, continuous) ( · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1906 participants
Very low
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1386 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting healthcare professionals vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (OBOM, continuous) (post‐visit) · healthcare professionals responsible for patient care

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
479 participants
Very low
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting healthcare professionals vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (PROM, continuous) ( · healthcare professionals responsible for patient care

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5772 participants
Very low
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1459 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting healthcare professionals and patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (OBOM, continuous) (post‐visit) · healthcare professionals and patients

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1270 participants
Very low
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting healthcare professionals and patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (PROM, continuous) ( · healthcare professionals and patients

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1479 participants
Very low
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
150 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (OBOM, continuous) (post‐visit) · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
271 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects of continuous local anaesthetic infusion ‐ not reported · women with breast cancer undergoing elective surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects of continuous local anaesthetic infusion ‐ not reported · people after iliac crest bone graft harvesting

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

ADHD symptom‐related behavior Measured by standardized rating scales: Conners' Abbreviated Teacher Rating Scale, Conners' Abbreviated Parent Rating Scale, IOWA Conners' Teacher Rating Scale, Conners' Continuous Performance Task, Child Behaviour Ch... · children with ADHD and comorbid tic disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with comorbid tic disorders 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 229 participants
Low

Clonidine vs placebo

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with comorbid tic disorders 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 170 participants
Low

Antidepressants vs placebo

Improvement in depression at 6‐12 weeks: HAM‐D score (continuous) · adults living with HIV and depression

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 357 participants
Low