What do systematic reviews say?

Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up

Autologous blood or PRP showed no clear difference in adverse events (pain and swelling at injection site and limitation… compared with placebo at 3 months' follow‐up (low certainty).

• Autologous blood and platelet‐rich plasma injection therapy for lateral elbow pain 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.76, 1.72]
  5 studies · 425 participants
  Low

High vs low or no hyaluronic acid

High probably leads to higher live birth rate ‐ high vs low or no hyaluronic acid compared with low or no hyaluronic acid (moderate certainty).

• Hyaluronic acid in embryo transfer media for assisted reproductive technologies 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [1.11, 1.31]
  10 studies · 4066 participants
  Moderate

High vs low or no hyaluronic acid

High probably leads to higher clinical pregnancy rate ‐ high vs low or no hyaluronic acid compared with low or no hyaluronic acid (moderate certainty).

• Hyaluronic acid in embryo transfer media for assisted reproductive technologies 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [1.09, 1.23]
  17 studies · 5247 participants
  Moderate

tDCS vs placebo or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and cognitive… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low birth weight (<2500 g) vs Normal birth weight (2500 g or more)

Adjusted analyses also showed no association between low birth weight and early childhood caries (adjusted OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.57); certainty not graded.

• Relationship between preterm, low birth weight and early childhood caries: a meta-analysis of the case-control and… 2020 All outcomes

  Community/epidemiological studies of preschool children (multiple countries) · Adjusted OR
  OR 1.05 [0.71, 1.57]
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported
• Relationship between preterm, low birth weight and early childhood caries: a meta-analysis of the case-control and… 2020 All outcomes

  Community/epidemiological studies of preschool children (multiple countries) · Children aged 3 years or younger
  OR 0.78 [0.24, 2.51]
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported
• Relationship between preterm, low birth weight and early childhood caries: a meta-analysis of the case-control and… 2020 All outcomes

  Community/epidemiological studies of preschool children (multiple countries) · Overall (crude OR)
  OR 1.12 [0.94, 1.33]
  15 studies
  GRADE not reported

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

It is very uncertain whether low molecular weight heparin changes success rate of replantation1 (analysed by participant, compared with unfractionated heparin (very low certainty).

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.87, 1.1]
  2 studies · 130 participants
  Very low

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Low molecular weight heparin showed no clear difference in success rate of replantation1 (analysed by digit, compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.04]
  2 studies · 200 participants
  Low

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

It is very uncertain whether low molecular weight heparin changes microvascular insufficiency due to vessel occlusion ‐ arterial… compared with unfractionated heparin (very low certainty).

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.16, 7.1]
  1 study · 54 participants
  Very low

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

It is very uncertain whether low molecular weight heparin changes microvascular insufficiency due to vessel occlusion ‐ venous… compared with unfractionated heparin (very low certainty).

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.2, 3.27]
  1 study · 54 participants
  Very low

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Low molecular weight heparin showed no clear difference in complication and adverse reactions ‐ wound bleeding (analysed by… compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

• Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of microvascular occlusion in digital replantation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.23, 1.23]
  2 studies · 130 participants
  Low

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) vs neutral dialysate [Na+] (138 to 140 mM) or high dialysate [Na+] (> 140 mM)

• Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 352 participants
  High

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) vs neutral dialysate [Na+] (138 to 140 mM)

• Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 112 participants
  Low

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) vs neutral dialysate [Na+] (138 to 140 mM)

• Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 112 participants
  Low

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) vs neutral dialysate [Na+] (138 to 140 mM)

• Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 103 participants
  Low

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) vs neutral dialysate [Na+] (138 to 140 mM)

• Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 169 participants
  Moderate

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) vs neutral dialysate [Na+] (138 to 140 mM)

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) showed no clear difference in intradialytic cramps compared with neutral dialysate [Na+] (138 to 140 mM) (low certainty).

• Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.66 [0.92, 2.98]
  4 studies · 11700 participants
  Low

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) vs high dialysate [Na+] (> 140 mM)

• Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 89 participants
  Moderate

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) vs high dialysate [Na+] (> 140 mM)

Low dialysate [Na+] (< 138 mM) showed no clear difference in intradialytic hypotension compared with high dialysate [Na+] (> 140 mM) (low certainty).

• Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.71 [0.57, 5.07]
  2 studies · 486 participants
  Low