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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,080 questions in 109 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections
current versionsNo studies 132 · 12.2%Ungraded 90 · 8.3%Very low 169 · 15.6%Low 306 · 28.3%Moderate 287 · 26.6%High 96 · 8.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Head box vs nasopharyngeal catheter Treatment failure Failure to achieve adequate oxygenation (SaO2 greater than 60 mmHg) · children with severe acute LRTIs Oxygen therapy for lower respiratory tract infections in children between 3 months and 15 years of age (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.13, 1.12] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Number of people who had not improved or had not been cured ( · children and adults with acute pneumonia Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in… (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.4, 1.8] | 2 studies · 221 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cough score Scale from: 0 (absent) to 3 (very severe) ( · children and adults with acute pneumonia Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ( · children and adults with acute pneumonia Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Complications (e.g. medication change) · children and adults with acute pneumonia Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 3 to 7 · patients with acute sinusitis Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [1.09, 1.62] | 5 studies · 1043 participants | Moderate |
Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 3 to 7 ‐ Co‐treatment with antibiotics · patients with acute sinusitis Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [1.08, 1.81] | 4 studies · 869 participants | Low |
Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 3 to 7 ‐ Corticosteroid monotherapy · patients with acute sinusitis Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.87, 1.44] | 1 study · 174 participants | Moderate |
Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 4 to 14 · patients with acute sinusitis Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [1.02, 1.49] | 5 studies · 1116 participants | Moderate |
Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 4 to 14 ‐ Co‐treatment with antibiotics · patients with acute sinusitis Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [1.04, 1.68] | 4 studies · 945 participants | Low |
Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 4 to 14 ‐ Corticosteroid monotherapy · patients with acute sinusitis Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.85, 1.16] | 1 study · 171 participants | Moderate |
Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID Adverse events · patients with acute sinusitis Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1193 participants | Moderate |
Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics vs control Incidence of VAP · patients receiving mechanical ventilation Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.52, 0.95] | 8 studies · 1018 participants | Low |
Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics vs control ICU mortality · patients receiving mechanical ventilation Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.84 [0.58, 1.22] | 5 studies · 703 participants | Very low |
Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics vs control Hospital mortality · patients receiving mechanical ventilation Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.54, 1.14] | 4 studies · 524 participants | Very low |
Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics vs control Diarrhoea · patients receiving mechanical ventilation Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.47, 1.09] | 4 studies · 618 participants | Very low |
Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics vs control Length of ICU stay (days) · patients receiving mechanical ventilation Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 396 participants | Very low |
Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics vs control Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) · patients receiving mechanical ventilation Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 203 participants | Very low |
Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics vs control Antibiotic use · patients receiving mechanical ventilation Probiotics for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.23 [0.51, 2.96] | 1 study · 259 participants | Low |
Immunoglobulin vs no treatment Measles cases ‐ convalescent serum · susceptible people exposed to measles Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.21 [0.15, 0.29] | 3 studies · 301 participants | Moderate |
Gamma globulin vs serum Adverse events · susceptible children exposed to measles Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Immunoglobulin vs no treatment Measles cases ‐ adult serum · susceptible people exposed to measles Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.45, 0.59] | 2 studies · 586 participants | Moderate |
Immunoglobulin vs no treatment Measles cases ‐ gamma globulin · susceptible people exposed to measles Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.08, 0.36] | 2 studies · 545 participants | Moderate |
Immunoglobulin vs no treatment Mortality due to measles · susceptible people exposed to measles Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.13, 0.44] | 3 studies · 893 participants | High |
Immunoglobulin vs no treatment Complications due to measles · susceptible people exposed to measles Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.18 [0.05, 0.6] | 3 studies · 832 participants | Moderate |
Immunoglobulin vs no treatment Adverse events · susceptible people exposed to measles Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Gamma globulin vs serum Measles cases · susceptible children exposed to measles Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.46, 0.69] | 2 studies · 702 participants | High |
Gamma globulin vs serum Mortality due to measles · susceptible children exposed to measles Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Gamma globulin vs serum Complications due to measles · susceptible children exposed to measles Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Duration of cold symptoms (days) · patients with common cold Zinc for the common cold (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 1656 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Severity of symptom score · patients with common cold Zinc for the common cold (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 513 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Incidence of common cold · patients with common cold Zinc for the common cold (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.47, 0.88] | 2 studies · 394 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Number of participants symptomatic after 7 days of treatment · patients with common cold Zinc for the common cold (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.45 [0.2, 1] | 5 studies · 476 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR School absence (number of days) · patients with common cold Zinc for the common cold (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 394 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Antibiotic use · patients with common cold Zinc for the common cold (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.27 [0.16, 0.46] | 2 studies · 394 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Any adverse event · patients with common cold Zinc for the common cold (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.58 [1.19, 2.09] | 8 studies · 1217 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation vs control Less than 30% FiO2 after 1 hour of therapy · children with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure or continuous positive airway pressure compared to conventional… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 10.69 [0.62, 183.85] | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation vs control Intermittent positive pressure ventilation during hospital stay · children with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure or continuous positive airway pressure compared to conventional… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.02, 9.06] | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation vs control CPAP during hospital stay · children with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure or continuous positive airway pressure compared to conventional… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.02, 9.06] | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
Glucocorticoid vs placebo: summary of findings Admissions (outpatients) · infants and young children with acute viral bronchiolitis Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1762 participants | High |
Glucocorticoid vs placebo: summary of findings Admissions (outpatients) · infants and young children with acute viral bronchiolitis Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1530 participants | Moderate |
Glucocorticoid vs placebo: summary of findings Length of stay (inpatients) days · infants and young children with acute viral bronchiolitis Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 633 participants | High |
Glucocorticoid and epinephrine vs placebo: summary of findings Admissions (outpatients) · infants and young children with acute viral bronchiolitis Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 400 participants | Low |
Glucocorticoid and epinephrine vs placebo: summary of findings Admissions (outpatients) · infants and young children with acute viral bronchiolitis Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 400 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐ liquid preparation · adults with acute bronchitis Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.52, 0.83] | 2 studies · 341 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐ tablet preparation · adults with acute bronchitis Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.91, 0.99] | 1 study · 405 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐ liquid preparation · children with acute bronchitis Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.77, 0.88] | 2 studies · 420 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure to recover by day 7 (complete resolution of all symptoms) ‐ tablet preparation · children with acute bronchitis Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.89, 1.03] | 1 study · 399 participants | Low |
P. sidoides vs placebo Failure to recover by day 21 (complete resolution of all symptoms) · adults with acute sinusitis Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.3, 0.62] | 1 study · 103 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure to recover by day 5 (complete resolution of all symptoms) · adults with common cold Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.9, 1.03] | 1 study · 103 participants | Very low |