What do systematic reviews say?

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Single‐dose antibiotic leads to higher same antimicrobial agent ‐ No cure (good quality studies) compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (high certainty).

• Duration of treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.72 [1.27, 2.33]
  2 studies · 803 participants
  High

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Single‐dose antibiotic showed no clear difference in different antimicrobial agents ‐ No cure (good quality studies) compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (low certainty).

• Duration of treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.36 [0.24, 7.75]
  1 study · 84 participants
  Low

Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy

Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation may leads to lower time to bladder cancer recurrence (absolute effect size estimates… compared with placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy (low certainty).

• Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.51 [0.32, 0.82]
  2 studies · 311 participants
  Low

Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy

• Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 311 participants
  Very low

Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy

• Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 72 participants
  Very low

Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel

Single‐dose levonorgestrel showed no clear difference in observed number of pregnancies (all women) compared with split‐dose levonorgestrel (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.53, 1.33]
  3 studies · 6653 participants
  Moderate

Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel

Single‐dose levonorgestrel showed no clear difference in specific side effects ‐ nausea compared with split‐dose levonorgestrel (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.88, 1.07]
  3 studies · 6804 participants
  Moderate

Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel

Single‐dose levonorgestrel showed no clear difference in specific side effects ‐ vomiting compared with split‐dose levonorgestrel (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.83, 1.22]
  3 studies · 6804 participants
  Moderate

Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel

Single‐dose levonorgestrel showed no clear difference in specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment compared with split‐dose levonorgestrel (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.9, 1.12]
  1 study · 2720 participants
  Moderate

Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel

Single‐dose levonorgestrel leads to lower menses ‐ early compared with split‐dose levonorgestrel (high certainty).

• Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.54, 0.82]
  1 study · 1118 participants
  High

Single‐dose levonorgestrel vs split‐dose levonorgestrel

Single‐dose levonorgestrel showed no clear difference in menses ‐ delay compared with split‐dose levonorgestrel (low certainty).

• Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [0.96, 1.46]
  2 studies · 3784 participants
  Low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs TURBT alone

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA probably leads to lower time to recurrence compared with TURBT alone (moderate certainty).

• Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.4 [0.28, 0.57]
  1 study · 233 participants
  Moderate

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs TURBT alone

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA changes time to progression compared with TURBT alone (very low certainty).

• Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.74 [0, 247.93]
  1 study · 233 participants
  Very low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs TURBT alone

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA changes serious adverse events compared with TURBT alone (very low certainty).

• Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.74 [0.52, 5.77]
  1 study · 233 participants
  Very low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs TURBT alone

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA showed no clear difference in disease‐specific survival compared with TURBT alone (moderate certainty).

• Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.06 [0.8, 1.4]
  1 study · 233 participants
  Moderate

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs TURBT alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found