Fever · healthy adults
Inactivated parenteral influenza vaccine leads to higher fever assessed by subjective report Timing of assessment: single… compared with placebo or 'do nothing' (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea or vomiting assessed by subjective report Timing of assessment: single influenza season · healthy adults
Inactivated parenteral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in nausea or vomiting assessed by subjective report Timing of… compared with placebo or 'do nothing' (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Total exacerbations per participant · COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Early exacerbations per participant · COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Late exacerbations per participant · COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Days disability from respiratory illness · COPD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Hospital admissions · COPD
Influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in hospital admissions compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · COPD
Influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Local effects at injection site · COPD
Influenza vaccine may leads to higher local effects at injection site compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia · people aged over 65 years
1 finding from 1 review
Hospitalisation ‐ not reported · people aged over 65 years
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
All deaths · people aged over 65 years
It is very uncertain whether influenza vaccine changes all deaths compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fever · people aged over 65 years
Influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in fever compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea · people aged over 65 years
Influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in nausea compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Final diagnosis of at least one episode of AOM · infants and children
Influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in at least 1 episode of acute otitis media compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of courses of antibiotics · infants and children
Influenza vaccine probably leads to lower courses of antibiotics compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fever · infants and children
Influenza vaccine may leads to higher fever compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse event ‐ rhinorrhoea · infants and children
Influenza vaccine may leads to higher rhinorrhoea compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pharyngitis · infants and children
Influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in pharyngitis compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Otitis media · healthy, community‐dwelling children older than 2 years of age
Inactivated influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in otitis media assessed by clinical confirmation (inspection of ear… compared with placebo or do nothing (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review