Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,372 questions · 3,874 findings · 666 reviews

No studies found 431 · 11.1%GRADE not reported 783 · 20.2%Very low 995 · 25.7%Low 909 · 23.5%Moderate 596 · 15.4%High 160 · 4.1%

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether high changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Extrauterine growth restriction at discharge · preterm or low birth weight infants

High showed no clear difference in extrauterine growth restriction at discharge compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether high changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher national income (GNI per capita) vs Lower national income (GNI categories: middle <=$15,000 / high $15,001-25,000 / very high >$25,000)

Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)

Higher national income was strongly associated with lower odds of poor oral health (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.37; about 90% lower odds); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Very high Human Development Index (HDI >=0.800) vs High Human Development Index (HDI 0.700-0.799)

Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)

HDI was not independently associated with DMFT category in the adjusted model (OR 1.82, 95% CI 0.32 to 10.47); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose vs standard‐dose strategies

Side effects (tachycardia, agitation, or feed intolerance) leading to a reduction in dose or withholding of caffeine · preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity

It is very uncertain whether high‐dose changes side effects (tachycardia, agitation or feed intolerance) leading to… compared with standard‐dose strategies (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E

Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production Cooper 2008 reported 3 speech measures: ICARS speech subscale. Scale from: 0 to 8. Higher scores indicate greater clinical severity Syl... · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes functional ability (short‐term) FIQ modified (0 to 16; higher scores… compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b

PEG interferon alpha‐2a · patients on HD with HCV infection

High showed no clear difference in PEG interferon alpha‐2a compared with low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b (low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
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High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b

PEG interferon (alpha‐2b) · patients on HD with HCV infection

High showed no clear difference in PEG interferon alpha‐2b compared with low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review