Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,783 questions · 10,022 findings · 882 reviews

No studies found 2,100 · 21%GRADE not reported 1,013 · 10.1%Very low 2,237 · 22.3%Low 2,514 · 25.1%Moderate 1,709 · 17.1%High 449 · 4.5%

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Sulthiame vs levetiracetam

Adverse effects (airways) · participants with epilepsy (BECTS)

Sulthiame may leads to higher adverse effects (airways) compared with levetiracetam (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up

Treatment success (> 25% improvement in pain or function) · lateral elbow pain

It is very uncertain whether autologous blood or PRP changes treatment success (> 25% improvement in pain or function) compared with placebo at 3 months' follow‐up (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up

Adverse events (pain and swelling at injection site and limitation of elbow movement following injection) · lateral elbow pain

Autologous blood or PRP showed no clear difference in adverse events (pain and swelling at injection site and limitation… compared with placebo at 3 months' follow‐up (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) probably leads to lower death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks' postmenstrual… compared with surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Need for intubation within the first 72 hours · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) probably leads to lower need for intubation within the first 72 hours compared with surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Air leak requiring drainage · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) showed no clear difference in air leak requiring drainage compared with surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) may leads to lower severe intraventricular haemorrhage (grade III or IV) compared with surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Death during first hospitalisation (all causes) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) may leads to lower death during first hospitalisation (all causes) compared with surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) probably leads to lower bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among survivors at 36 weeks'… compared with surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Death or survival with neurosensory disability ‐ not reported · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Carisbamate vs placebo

50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Carisbamate probably leads to higher 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (responder rate) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carisbamate vs placebo

Participants who experienced any adverse event Adverse event regardless of severity · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Carisbamate showed no clear difference in proportion of participants who experienced atleast 1 adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review